Changing Patterns of Euroscepticism in Cyprus: European Discourse in a Divided Polity and Society
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 16; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/13608741003594346
ISSN1743-9612
Autores Tópico(s)Political Systems and Governance
ResumoAbstract This article aims to map the extent and the causality of party and popular Cypriot euroscepticism. It traces the latter's changing patterns at both the elite and popular levels and analyses contextual factors and idiosyncratic features in a divided polity and society. It concludes that key turning points are definitely linked to the country's political problem. Party-based euroscepticism displays both strategic and ideological characteristics. Parallel to soft euroscepticism, an economic and policy-based euroscepticism has emerged, displaying a shift from nested to mainstream euroscepticism. Keywords: European IntegrationPolitical PartiesParty AttitudesPublic OpinionCyprus Acknowledgements I would like to thank the editor of this volume, Susannah Verney, both for her inspiring and supportive role and her kind cooperation and patience. My sincere thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft, and to Efi Xanthou and Georgos Papanastasiou for their assistance in matters of language and style. Notes [1] EU/European law: Treaty of Accession and Protocol no. 10 and European Court of Justice and European Court of Human Rights case-law. [2] The 'local level' refers to each of the two antagonistic communities, the 'national' to Cyprus as a whole, the 'sub-regional' to the Cyprus–Greece–Turkey, the 'regional' to Cyprus's EU, Southern European and Middle Eastern contexts, and the 'international' incorporates all other external actors, not least the United Nations. TCs constitute a minority at the national level and the GCs at the sub-regional level. [3] For an account of the negotiations and a critical appraisal see, inter alia, Palley (2005 Palley, C. 2005. An International Relations Debacle—The UN Secretary General's Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus 1999–2004, Hart: Oxford. [Google Scholar]), Hannay (2005 Hannay, D. 2005. Cyprus: The Search for a Solution, London: I.B. Tauris. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) and Michael (2007 Michael, M. 2007. The Cyprus peace talks: a critical appraisal. Journal of Peace Research, 44(5): 587–604. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The full text of the Plan is available at http://www.hri.org/docs/annan/Annan_Plan_Text.html [4] On the Annan Plan referenda held separately in both parts of the island, see Christophorou (2005 Christophorou, C. 2005. The vote for a united Cyprus deepens divisions: the 24 April 2004 referenda in Cyprus. South European Society and Politics, 10(1): 85–104. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). [5] On the 2006 election, see Christophorou (2007 Christophorou, C. 2007. An old cleavage causes new divisions: parliamentary elections in the Republic of Cyprus, 21 May 2006. South European Society and Politics, 12(1): 111–128. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). [6] See AKEL (1995 AKEL (1995) 'Resolution of AKEL's 18th Congress, 16–19 November 1995', available online at: http://www.akel.org.cy [Google Scholar]): '7. AKEL believes that the course of accession of Cyprus to the European Union can have positive results only to the extent that it strengthens the efforts for a solution to the Cyprus problem within the framework of the UN, based on the resolutions of the International Organisation and on the high-level agreements.' [7] Namely, the limitations to the right of free establishment and associated political rights, and the clear preference for compensation instead of restitution of properties, deemed as directly conflicting with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, notably the case of Loizidou v. Turkey. [8] Yeni Gun, 06.09.1991, Public Information Office (PIO) Archives: 1920/5/ p. 12. [9] Case C-432/92 The Queen v. Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte S. P. Anastasiou (Pissouri) Ltd and others. [10] Kibris Postasi, 14 February 1990 (Kotak's article on the visit of Abel Matutes to Cyprus), PIO Archives: 1920/A, p. 104. [11] Bayrak, 10.05.1994, PIO Archives: 876/M/4, p. 76. [12] Kibris, 04.12.1997, PIO Archives: 3220/2, p. 22. [13] Yeniduzen, 01.04.02, PIO Archives:3220/2, p. 123. [14] http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/eu01_en/eu01_en?OpenDocument [15] See, for example, Christofias's statement on 22 February 2008 that 'I am not a eurosceptic, I am a eurofighter … I shall not systematically say no to everything put forward by the European Union.' Fondation Robert Schuman, European elections monitor/1. Chypre Présidentielle du 17 et 24 février 2008 (Résultat)—Demetris Christofias est élu Président de la République de Chypre lors du 2e tour de scrutin. Available online at: http://www.robert-schuman.org/oee.php?num = 503 [16] Cyprus Forum, 2/6/2006, available online at: http://www.cyprus-forum.com/cyprus6179.html [17] All references are from the Lisbon Treaty ratification debate in Parliament, available online at: http://www.parliament.cy/parliamentgr/008_01.htm
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