Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Complete mitochondrial genomes of three lizard species and the systematic position of the Lacertidae (Squamata)

2009; Wiley; Volume: 47; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00515.x

1439-0469

Martina Podnar, Wilhelm Pinsker, Werner E. Mayer,

Vector-borne infectious diseases

Complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes were sequenced from representatives of three lacertid lizards: Podarcis siculus, Podarcis muralis and Phoenicolacerta kulzeri. In all three genomes the arrangement of the 22 tRNAs, the two rRNAs and the 13 protein-coding genes conforms to the common vertebrate arrangement. The phylogenetic position of Lacertidae within the order Squamata was determined through sequence analyses based on large sections of complete mt genomes. The number of nucleotide sites used for tree construction was 9234 when outgroup taxa were included, and 10 499 when only Squamata were compared. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the sister group relationship between Lacertidae and Amphisbaenia as previously proposed on the basis of molecular data. Additionally, Bayesian analysis revealed a well supported clade comprising (Gekkonidae (Lacertidae + Amphisbaenia)), which is not in accordance with the traditional morphological view and most of the previous molecular studies. It confirms, however, the close relationship between Gekkonidae and Amphisbaenia as revealed in a recent study based on complete mt genomes from a smaller number of taxa. Intra- and intergeneric sequence comparisons of six commonly used marker genes showed rather high levels of divergence within the Lacertidae. In the intrageneric comparison the control region proved to be considerably more conserved than the protein coding genes. Komplette mitochondriale (mt) Genome von drei Vertretern der Lacertidae wurden sequenziert: Podarcis siculus, Podarcis muralis and Phoenicolacerta kulzeri. In allen drei Genomen stimmte die Anordnung der 22 tRNAs, zwei rRNAs und der 13 Protein kodierenden Gene mit jener der meisten Vertebraten überein. Die phylogenetische Position der Lacertidae innerhalb der Squamata wurde durch Analyse der Sequenzen von großen Abschnitten kompletter mt Genome ermittelt. Die Zahl der Nukleotidpositionen, die für die Stammbaumkonstruktion verwendet wurden, betrug 9234, wenn Außengruppen-Taxa mit einbezogen wurden, und 10499, wenn nur Squamata verglichen wurden. Die phylogenetische Analyse bestätigte die Schwestergruppen-Verwandtschaft zwischen Lacertidae and Amphisbaenia, wie sie schon früher auf Basis molekularer Daten postuliert wurde. Dieses Monophylum ist eng verwandt zu den Gekkonidae, was mit einer neueren Studie an kompletten mt Genomen einer geringeren Anzahl von Taxa übereinstimmt. Diese Platzierung der Gekkonidae nahe den Lacertiden unf Amphisbaenia widerspricht jedoch der traditionellen morphologischen Sichtweise und früheren molekularen Untersuchungen. Sequenzvergleiche innerhalb und zwischen den Gattungen für sechs häufig eingesetzte Markergene zeigten einen hohen Divergenzgrad innerhalb der Lacertidae. Die Kontrollregion erwies sich im intragenerischen Vergleich als deutlich stärker konserviert als die Protein kodierenden Gene. Fig. S1. The organization of the mitochondrial genomes of Ph. kulzeri (a), P. siculus (b) and P. muralis (c). For Ph. kulzeri sequencing primers are depicted as arrows, and 'bridges' between the four Ph. kulzeri clones as curved lines (with names of both primers, outer circle). For P. siculus and P. muralis the overlapping PCR fragments with corresponding primer names are shown. Primers are listed in Table S1. HindII and SacI restriction sites are indicated. Abbreviations: nd1–6 = NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1–6, cox1–3 = cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1–3, atp6 and atp8 = ATPase subunits 6 and 8, cytb = cytochrome b, cr = control region Fig. S2. Secondary structure of tandem repeats in the mitochondrial control regions of Ph. kulzeri, P. siculus and P. muralis Table S1. Primers used for PCR amplifications of mt DNA fragments for each species Table S2. Organization of the mt genome of Ph. kulzeri Table S3. Organization of the mtl genome of P. siculus Table S4. Organization of the mt genome of P. muralis Table S5. Genome size and nucleotide composition of the available mt genomes of lizards and amphisbaenians Table S6. Uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence (p-distances in %) in frequently used marker genes. Intrageneric distances are given for Podarcis (P. muralis versus P. siculus), average intergeneric distances refer to comparisons among Podarcis (P), Phoenicolacerta. (Ph), Lacerta (L), and Takydromus (Ta). The 5′ tandem repeats of the CR sequences were excluded Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.