Artigo Revisado por pares

Expression of the Oxytocin and Vasopressin Genes

1992; Wiley; Volume: 4; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1365-2826.1992.tb00201.x

ISSN

1365-2826

Autores

W. Scott Young,

Tópico(s)

Circadian rhythm and melatonin

Resumo

Journal of NeuroendocrinologyVolume 4, Issue 5 p. 527-540 Expression of the Oxytocin and Vasopressin Genes W. Scott Young III, Corresponding Author W. Scott Young III Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.Correspondence to: W. S. Young III, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Building 36/2D10, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.Search for more papers by this author W. Scott Young III, Corresponding Author W. Scott Young III Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.Correspondence to: W. S. Young III, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Building 36/2D10, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1992.tb00201.xCitations: 37AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Oliver G, Schäfer EA. (1895). On the physiological action of extracts of pituitary body and certain other glandular organs. J Physiol (Lond). 18: 277–279. 2 Dale HH. (1909). The actions of extracts of the pituitary body. Biochem J. 4: 427–447. 3 Ott I, Scott JC. (1911). The action of the infundibulin upon the mammary secretion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 8: 48–49. 4 Schafer EA, Mackenzie K. (1911). The action of animal extracts on milk secretion. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol]. 84: 16–22. 5 Bargmann W, Scharrer E. (1951). The origin of the posterior pituitary hormones. Am Scientist. 39: 255–259. 6 Du Vigneaud V. (1954). Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland: oxytocin and vasopressin. Harvey Lect. 50: 1–26. 7 Swaab DF, Pool CW, Nijveldt F. (1975). Immunofluorescence of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. J Neural Transm. 36: 195–215. 8 Vandesande F, Dierickx K. (1975). Identification of the vasopressin producing and of the oxytocin producing neurons in the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat. Cell Tissue Res. 164: 153–162. 9 Brownstein MJ, Russell JT, Gainer H. (1980). Synthesis, transport and release of posterior pituitary hormones. Science. 207: 373–387. 10 Russell JT, Brownstein MJ, Gainer H. (1981). Biosynthesis of neurohypophyseal polypeptides: the order of peptide components in propressophysin and pro-oxyphysin. Neuropeptides. 2: 59–65. 11 Reeves WB, Andreoli TE. (1992). The posterior pituitary and water metabolism. In: JD Wilson and DW Foster, eds.. Williams textbook of endocrinology, 311–356. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia . 12 Leng G, Bicknell RJ. (1986). The neurohypophysis. In: SL Lightman and BJ Everitt, eds.. Neuroendocrinology, 177–206. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston . 13 Jard S, Jamison R. (1991). Vasopressin. Colloque 208. INSERM. 14 Renaud LP, Bourque CW. (1991). Neurophysiology and neuropharmacology of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons secreting vasopressin and oxytocin. Prog Neurobiol. 36: 131–169. 15 Sofroniew MV. (1985). Vasopressin, oxytocin and their related neurophysins. In: A Björklund and T Hökfelt, eds.. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy, 93–165. Elsevier, New York . 16 Triboliet E, Barberis C, Jard S, Dubois-Dauphin M, Dreifuss JJ. (1988). Localization and pharmacological characterization of high affinity binding sites for vasopressin and oxytocin in the rat brain by light microscopic autoradiography. Brain Res. 442: 105–118. 17 Snijdewint FGM, Van Leewen FW, Boer GJ. (1989). Ontogeny of vasopressin and oxytocin binding sites in the brain of Wistar and Brattleboro rats as demonstrated by light microscopical autoradiography. J Chem Neuroanat. 2: 3–17. 18 Berecek KH, Swords BH. (1990). Central role for vasopressin in cardiovascular regulation and the pathogenesis of hypertension. Hypertension. 16: 213–224. 19 de Wied D. (1971). Long term effect of vasopressin on the maintenance of a conditioned avoidance response in rats. Nature. 232: 58–60. 20 de Kloet ER, Voorhuis DAM, Boschma Y, Elands J. (1986). Estradiol modulates density of putative ‘oxytocin receptors’ in discrete rat brain regions. Neuroemlocrinology. 44: 415–421. 21 Schumacher M, Coirini H, Frankfurt M, McEwen B. (1989). Localized actions of progesterone in hypothalamus involve oxytocin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86: 6798–6801. 22 Jirikowski GF, Caldwell JD, Häussler HU, Pedersen CA. (1991). Mating alters topography and content of oxytocin immunoreactivity in male mouse brain. Cell Tissue Res. 266: 399–403. 23 Johnson AE, Coirini H, Insel TR, McEwen BS. (1991). The regulation of oxytocin receptor binding in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus by testosterone and its metabolites. Endocrinology. 128: 891–896. 24 Land H, Schutz G, Schmale H, Richter D. (1982). Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA encoding bovine arginine vasopressin-neurophysin II precursor. Nature. 295: 299–303. 25 Land H, Grez M, Ruppert S, Schmale H, Rehbein M, Richter D, Schutz G. (1983). Deduced amino acid sequence from the bovine oxytocin-neurophysin I precursor cDNA. Nature. 302: 342–344. 26 Gainer H, Altstein M, Whitnall MH, Wray S. (1988). The biosynthesis of oxytocin and vasopressin. In: E Knobil and J Neill, eds.. The physiology of reproduction, 2265–2282. Raven Press, New York . 27 Ivell R, Richter D. (1984). Structure and comparison of the oxytocin and vasopressin genes from rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 81: 2006–2010. 28 Hara Y, Battey J, Gainer H. (1990). Structure of mouse vasopressin and oxytocin genes. Mol Brain Res. 8: 319–324. 29 Sausville E, Carney D, Battey J. (1985). The human vasopressin gene is linked to the oxytocin gene and is selectively expressed in a cultured lung cancer cell line. J Biol Chem. 260: 10236–10241. 30 Morley SD, Schönrock C, Heierhorst J, Figueroa J, Lederis K, Richter D. (1990). Vasotocin genes of the teleost fish Catostomus commersoni: gene structure, exon-intron boundary, and hormone precursor organization. Biochemistry. 29: 2506–2511. 31 Summar ML, Phillips JAI, Battey J, Castiglione CM, Kidd KK, Maness KJ, Weiffenbach B, Gravius TC. (1990). Linkage relationships of human arginine vasopressin-neurophysin-II and oxytocin-neurophysin-I to prodynorphin and other loci on chromosome 20. Mol Endocrinol. 4: 947–950. 32 Mohr E, Schmitz E, Richter D. (1988). A single rat genomic DNA fragment encodes both the oxytocin and vasopressin genes separated by 11 kilobases and oriented in opposite transcriptional directions. Biochimie. 70: 70–74. 33 Ang H-L, Ungefroren H, De Bree F, Foo N-C, Carter D, Burbach JP, Ivell R, Murphy D. (1991). Testicular oxytocin gene expression in seminiferous tubules of cattle and transgenic mice. Endocrinology. 128: 2110–2117. 34 Figueroa J, Morley SD, Heierhorst J, Krentler C, Lederis K, Richter D. (1989). Two isotocin genes are present in the white sucker Catostomus commersoni lacking introns in their protein coding regions. EMBO J. 8: 2873–2877. 35 Nojiri H, Ishida I, Miyashita E, Sato M, Urano A, Deguchi T. (1987). Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs for neurohypophysial hormones vasotocin and mesotocin for the hypothalamus of toad, Bufo japonicus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 84: 3043–3046. 36 Sherwood NM, Parker DB. (1990). Neuropeptide families: an evolutionary perspective. J Exp Zool Suppl. 4: 63–71. 37 Urano A, Hyodo S, Suzuki M. Molecular evolution of neurohypophysial hormone precursors. Prog Brain Res. (In press). 38 Schmale H, Richter D. (1984). Single base deletion in the vasopressin gene is the cause of diabetes insipidus in Brattleboro rats. Nature. 308: 705–709. 39 Schmale H, Ivell R, Briendl M, Darmer D, Richter D. (1984). The mutant gene from diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rat is transcribed but the message is not efficiently translated. EMBO J. 3: 3289–3293. 40 Ivell R, Schmale H, Krisch B, Nahke P, Richter D. (1986). Expression of a mutant vasopressin gene: differential polyadenylation and readthrough of the mRNA 3′ end in a frameshift. EMBO J. 5: 971–977. 41 Van Leeuwen F, Van der Beek E, Seger M, Burbach P, Ivell R. (1989). Age-related development of a heteroxygous phenotype in solitary neurons of the homozygous Brattleboro rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86: 6417–6420. 42 Evans AP, Ivell R, Van Leeuwen FW, Corner M, Burbach JPH. (1991). Sequence analysis of vasopressin mRNAs in the homozygous Brattleboro rat which code for glycopeptide immunoreactivity. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 17: 380. 43 Bahnsen U, Costing P, Swaab DF, Nahke P, Richter D, Schmale H. (1992). A missense mutation in the vasopressin-neurophysin precursor gene cosegregates with human autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus. EMBO J. 11: 19–23. 44 Ito M, Mori Y, Oiso Y, Saito H. (1991). A single base substitution in the coding region for neurophysin II associated with familial central diabetes insipidus. J Clin Invest. 87: 725–728. 45 Chen L, Rose JP, Breslow E, Yang D, Chang W-R, Furey WFJ, Sax M, Wang BC. (1991). Crystal structure of a bovine neurophysin II dipeptide complex at 2.8 Å determined from the single-wavelength anomalous scattering signal of an incorporated iodine atom. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 88: 4240–4244. 46 Braverman LE, Mancini JP, McGoldrick DM. (1965). Hereditary diabetes insipidus: a system disease. Ann Intern Med. 63: 503–508. 47 Treip CS. (1984). The hypothalamus and pituitary gland. In: JH Adams, JAN Corsellis and LW Duchen, eds.. Greenfield's neuropathology, 749–778. John Wiley and Sons, New York . 48 Repaske DR, Phillips JAI, Kirby LT, Tze WJ, D'Ercole AJ, Battey J. (1990). Molecular analysis of autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 70: 752–757. 49 Schmitz E, Mohr E, Richter D. (1991). Rat vasopressin and oxytocin genes are linked by a long interspersed repeated DNA element (LINE): sequence and transcriptional analysis of LINE. DNA Cell Biol. 10: 81–91. 50 Xiong Y, Eickbush TH. (1990). Origin and evolution of retroelements based upon their reverse transcriptase sequences. EMBO J. 9: 3353–3362. 51 Dombrowski BA, Mathias SL, Nanthakumar E, Scott AF, Kazazian HHJ. (1991). Isolation of an active human transposable element. Science. 254: 1805–1808. 52 Lewin B. (1990). Genes IV, 636–638. Oxford University Press, Oxford . 53 Mohr E, Richter D. (1990). Sequence analysis of the promoter region of the rat vasopressin gene. FEBS Lett. 260: 305–308. 54 Pardy K, Adan RAH, Carter DA, Burbach JPH, Murphy D. (1991). Cis acting elements involved in the regulation of vasopressin gene expression. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 17: 243. 55 Young WS, III, Shepard EA, Burch RM. (1987). Plasma hyperosmolality increases G-protein and cAMP synthesis in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Mol Endocrinol. 1: 884–888. 56 Carter DA, Murphy D. (1989). Cyclic nucleotide dynamics in the rat hypothalamus during osmotic stimulation: in vivo and in vitro studies. Brain Res. 487: 350–356. 57 Verbeeck MAE, Adan RAH, Burbach JPH. (1990). Vasopressin gene expression is stimulated by cyclic AMP in homologous and heterologous expression systems. FEBS Lett. 272: 89–93. 58 Ceding P, Schilling K, Schmale H. (1990). Vasopressin expression in cultured neurons is stimulated by cyclic AMP. J Neuroendocrinol. 2: 859–865. 59 Verbeeck MAE, Sutanto W, Burbach JPH. (1991). Regulation of vasopressin messenger RNA levels in the small cell lung carcinoma cell line GLC-8: interactions between glucocorticoids and second messengers. Mol Endocrinol. 5: 795–801. 60 Schilling K, Schmale H, Ceding P, Pilgrim C. (1991). Regulation of vasopressin expression in cultured diencephalic neurons by glucocorticoids. Neuroendocrinology. 53: 528–535. 61 Burbach JPH, Adnan RAH, van Tol HHM, Verbeeck MAE, Axelson JF, van Leeuwen FW, Beekman JM, Geert AB. (1990). Regulation of the rat oxytocin gene by estradiol. Examination of promoter activity in transfected cells and of mRNA and peptide levels in the hypothala-mo-neurohypophyseal system. J Neuroendocrinol. 2: 633–639. 62 Richard S, Zingg H. (1990). The human oxytocin gene promoter is regulated by estrogens. J Biol Chem. 265: 6098–6103. 63 Adan RAH, Walther N, Cox JJ, Ivell R, Burbach JPH. (1991). Comparison of the estrogen responsiveness of the rat and bovine oxytocin gene promoters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 175: 117–122. 64 Mohr E, Schmitz E. (1991). Functional characterization of estrogen and glucocorticoid responsive elements in the rat oxytocin gene. Mol Brain Res. 9: 293–298. 65 Simerly RB, Chang C, Muramatsu M, Swanson LW. (1990). Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA-containing cells in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study. J Comp Neurol. 294: 76–95. 66 Miller FD, Ozimek G, Milner RJ, Bloom FE. (1989). Regulation of neuronal oxytocin mRNA by ovarian steroids in the mature and developing hypothalamus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86: 2468–2472. 67 Chibbar R, Toma JG, Mitchell BF, Miller FD. (1990). Regulation of neural oxytocin gene expression by gonadal steroids in pubertal rats. Mol Endocrinol. 4: 2030–2038. 68 Chung SK, McCabe JT, Pfaff DW. (1991). Estrogen influences on oxytocin mRNA expression in preoptic and anterior hypothalamic regions studied by in situ hybridization. J Corap Neurol. 307: 281–295. 69 Robinson AG. (1975). Isolation, assay, and secretion of individual human neurophysins. J Clin Invest. 55: 360–367. 70 Hatton GI. (1990). Emerging concepts of structure-function dynamics in adult brain: the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Prog Neurobiol. 34: 437–504. 71 Yamaguchi K, Akaishi T, Negoro H. (1979). Effect of estrogen treatment on plasma oxytocin and vasopressin in ovariectomized rats. Endocrinol Jpn. 26: 197–205. 72 Adan RAH, Cox JJ, van Kats JP, Burbach JPH. (1992). Thyroid hormone regulates the oxytocin gene. J Biol Chem. 267: 3771–3777. 73 Bradley DJ, Young WS, III, Weinberger C. (1989). Differential expression of alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptor genes in rat brain and pituitary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86: 7250–7254. 74 Bradley DJ, Towle HC, Young WS, III. (1992). Spatial and temporal expression of a and ß thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs, including the ß2 subtype, in the developing mammalian nervous system. J Neurosci. 12: 2288–2302. 75 Seif SM, Robinson AG, Zenser TV, Davis BB, Huellmantel AB, Haluszczak C. (1979). Neurohypophyseal peptides in hypothyroid rats: plasma levels and kidney response. Metabolism. 28: 137–143. 76 Skowsky WR, Fisher DA. (1977). Arginine vasopressin secretion in thyroidectomized sheep. Endocrinology. 100: 1022–1026. 77 Lipkin SM, Nelson CA, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG. (1992). A negative retinoic acid response element in the rat oxytocin promoter restricts transcriptional stimulation by heterologous transactivation domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89: 1209–1213. 78 Richard S, Zingg HH. (1991). Identification of a retinoic acid response element in the human oxytocin gene promoter which overlaps with an estrogen response element. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 17: 1286. 79 Adan R. (1992). Oxytocin and vasopressin genes: transcriptional regulation and signal transduction. Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, Doctoral Dissertation. 80 He X, Treacy M, Simmons DM, Ingraham HA, Swanson LW, Rosenfeld MG. (1989). Expression of a large family of POU-domain regulatory genes in mammalian brain development. Nature. 340: 35–42. 81 Le Moine C, Young WS, III. (1992). RHS2, a POU domain-containing gene, and its expression in developing and adult rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89: 3285–3289. 82 Habener JF, Cwikel BJ, Hermann H, Hammer RE, Palmiter RD, Brinster RL. (1989). Metallothionein-vasopressin fusion gene expression in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem. 264: 18844–18852. 83 Young WS, III, Reynolds K, Shepard EA, Gainer H, Castel M. (1990). Cell-specific expression of the rat oxytocin gene in transgenic mice. J Neuroendocrinol. 2: 917–925. 84 Grant FD, Reventos J, Kawabata S, Gordon JW, Majzoub JA. (1988). Organ specific expression of a rat vasopressin gene in transgenic mice. Proc 70th Ann Meeting Endocr Soc, New Orleans, LA. Abstr. 491. 85 Ang HL, Funkhouser J, Carter DA, Ho MY, Murphy D. (1991). Expression of bovine vasopressin in the hypothalamus of the transgenic mouse and its regulation during osmotic challenge. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 17: 1287. 86 Murphy D, Bishop A, Rindi G, Murphy MN, Stamp GWH, Hanson J, Polak JM, Hogan B. (1987). Mice transgenic for a vasopressin-SV40 hybrid oncogene develop tumors of the endocrine pancreas and the anterior pituitary. A possible model for human multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Am J Pathol. 129: 552–565. 87 Russo AF, Crenshaw EBI, Lira SA, Simmons DM, Swanson LW, Rosenfeld MG. (1988). Neuronal expression of chimeric genes in transgenic mice. Neuron. 1: 311–320. 88 Belenky M, Castell M, Young WS, III, Gainer H, Cohen S. (1992). Ultrastructural immunolocalization of rat oxytocin-neurophysin in transgenic mice expressing the rat oxytocin gene. Mol Brain Res. 583: 279–286. 89 Majzoub JA, Rich A, van Boom J, Habener JF. (1983). Vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA regulation in the rat assessed by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides. J Biol Chem. 258: 14061–14064. 90 Burbach JPH, De Hoop MJ, Schmale H, Richter D, De Kloet ER, Ten Haaf JA, De Wied D. (1984). Differential responses to osmotic stress of vasopressin-neurophysin mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei. Neuroendocrinology. 39: 582–584. 91 Burbach JPH, Van Tol HHM, Bakkus MHC, Schmale H, Ivell R. (1986). Quantitation of vasopressin mRNA and oxytocin mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei by Southern hybridization assays. J Neurochem. 47: 1814–1821. 92 Zingg HH, Lefebvre D, Almazan G. (1986). Regulation of vasopressin gene expression in rat hypothalamic neurons. J Biol Chem. 261: 12956–12959. 93 Sherman TG, Civelli O, Douglass J, Herbert E, Watson SJ. (1986). Coordinate expression of hypothalamic pro-dynorphin and provasopressin mRNAs with osmotic stimulation. Neuroendocrinology. 44: 222–228. 94 Zingg HH, Lefebvre DL, Almazan G. (1988). Regulation of poly(A) tail size of vasopressin mRNA. J Biol Chem. 263: 11041–11043. 95 Carter DA, Murphy D. (1989). Independent regulation of neuropeptide mRNA level and poly(A) tail length. J Biol Chem. 264: 6601–6603. 96 Zingg HH, Lefebvre DL. (1989). Oxytocin mRNA: increase of polyadenylate tail size during pregnancy and lactation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 65: 59–62. 97 Murphy D, Carter D. (1990). Vasopressin gene expression in the rodent hypothalamus: transcriptional and posttranslational responses to physiological stimulation. Mol Endocrinol. 4: 1051–1059. 98 Carter DA, Murphy D. (1991). Rapid changes in poly(A) tail length of vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs form a common early component of neurohypophyseal peptide gene activation following physiological stimulation. Neuroendocrinology. 53: 1–6. 99 Carter DA, Murphy D. (1990). Vasopressin mRNA in parvocellular neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus exhibits increased poly(A) tail length following water deprivation. Neurosci Lett. 109: 180–185. 100 Rehbein M, Richter D. (1990). Poly(A) tail length of oxytocin- and vasopressin-encoding mRNAs increases during development in the porcine hypothalamus. J Mol Endocrinol. 4: 151–158. 101 Robinson BG, Frim DM, Schwartz WJ, Majzoub JA. (1988). Vasopressin mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nuclei: daily regulation of polyadenylate tail length. Science. 241: 342–344. 102 Carter DA, Murphy D. (1989). Diurnal rhythm of vasopressin mRNA species in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: independence of neuroendocrine modulation and maintenance in explant culture. Mol Brain Res. 6: 233–239. 103 Carter DA, Murphy D. (1991). Nuclear mechanisms mediate rhythmic changes in vasopressin mRNA expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Mol Brain Res. 12: 315–321. 104 Jackson RJ, Standart N. (1990). Do the poly(A) tail and 3′ untranslated region control mRNA translation. Cell. 62: 15–24. 105 Lightman SL, Young WS, III. (1987). Vasopressin, oxytocin, dynor-phin, enkephalin, and corticotrophin releasing factor mRNA stimulation in the rat. J Physiol (Lond). 394: 23–39. 106 McCabe JT, Morrell JI, Pfaff DW. (1986). Measurement of expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes in single neurons by in situ hybridization. In: G Fink, AJ Harmar and KW McKerns, eds.. Neuroendocrine molecular biology, 219–229. Plenum Press, New York . 107 Uhl GR, Zingg HH, Habener JF. (1985). Vasopressin mRNA in situ hybridization: localization and regulation studied with oligonucleotide probes in normal and Brattleboro rat hypothalamus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 82: 5555–5559. 108 Van Tol HHM, Voorhuis TAM, Burbach JPH. (1987). Oxytocin gene expression in discrete hypothalamic magnocellular cell groups is stimulated by prolonged salt loading. Endocrinology. 120: 71–76. 109 Pretel S, Piekut DT. (1989). Mediation of changes in paraventricular vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA content to the medullary vagal complex and spinal cord of the rat. J Chem Neuroanat. 2: 327–334. 110 Herman JP, Schafer MK-H, Watson SJ, Sherman TG. (1991). In situ hybridization analysis of arginine vasopressin gene transcription using intron-specific probes. Mol Endocrinol. 5: 1447–1456. 111 Reppert SM, Uhl GR. (1988). The vasopressin gene is expressed prior to regulation in the supraoptic nuclei of fetal rats. Brain Res. 456: 392–396. 112 Rivkees SA, Chaar MR, Hanley DF, Maxwell M, Reppert SM, Uhl GR. (1989). Localization and regulation of vasopressin mRNA in human neurons. Synapse. 3: 246–254. 113 Bondy CA, Whitnall MH, Brady LS. (1989). Regulation ofcarboxy-peptidase H gene expression in magnocellular neurons: response to osmotic stimulation. Mol Endocrinol. 3: 2086–2092. 114 Meister B, Cortés R, Villar MJ, Schalling M, Hökfelt T. (1990). Peptides and transmitter enzymes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons after administration of hyperosmotic stimuli: comparison between messenger RNA and peptide/protein levels. Cell Tissue Res. 260: 279–297. 115 Sherman TG, Day R, Civelli O, Douglas J, Herbert E, Akil H, Watson SJ. (1988). Regulation of hypothalamic magnocellular neuropeptides and their mRNAs in the Brattleboro rat: coordinate responses to further osmotic challenge. J Neurosci. 8: 3785–3796. 116 Young WS, III. (1986). Corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in the hypothalamus is affected differently by drinking saline and by dehydration. FEBS Lett. 208: 158–162. 117 Young WS, III, Horvath S, Palkovits M. (1990). The influences of hyperosmolality and synaptic inputs on galanin and vasopressin expression in the hypothalamus. Neuroscience. 39: 115–125. 118 Young WS III, Warden M, Mezey É. (1987). Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA is increased by hyperosmotic stimuli in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Neuroendocrinology. 46: 439–444. 119 Kawata M, McCabe JT, Harrington C, Chikaraishi D, Pfaff DW. (1988). In situ hybridization analysis of osmotic stimulus-induced changes in ribosomal RNA in rat supraoptic nucleus. J Comp Neurol. 270: 528–536. 120 Falke N. (1988). Dynorphin (1–8) inhibits stimulated release of oxytocin but not vasopressin from isolated neurosecretory endings of the rat neurohypophysis. Neuropeptides. 11: 163–167. 121 Bondy CA, Gainer H. (1989). Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates neurohypophysial hormone release through an interaction with the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. J Neuroendocrinol. 1: 5–8. 122 Bondy CA, Jensen RT, Brady LS, Gainer H. (1989). Cholecystokinin evokes secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin from rat neural lobe independent of external calcium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86: 5198–5201. 123 Kiyama H, Emson PC. (1990). Evidence for the co-expression of oxytocin and vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acids in magnocellular neurosecretory cells: simultaneous demonstration of two neurophysin messenger ribonucleic acids by hybridization histochemistry. J Neuroendocrinol. 2: 257–260. 124 Young WS, III. (1989). Levels of transcripts encoding a member of the protein kinase C family in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei are increased by hyperosmolality. J Neuroendocrinol. 1: 1–4. 125 Sager SM, Sharp FR, Curran T. (1988). Expression of c-fos protein in brain: metabolic mapping at the cellular level. Science. 240: 1328–1331. 126 Carter DA, Murphy D. (1990). Regulation of c-fos and c-jun expression in the rat supraoptic nucleus. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 10: 435–444. 127 Hamamura M, Nunez DJR, Leng G, Emson PC, Kiyama H. (1992). C-fos may code for a common transcription factor within the hypothalamic neural circuits involved in osmoregulation. Brain Res. 572: 42–51. 128 Ishizawa H, Dave JR, Liu L-I, Tabakoff B, Hoffman PL. (1990). Hypothalamic vasopressin mRNA levels in mice are decreased after chronic ethanol ingestion. Eur J Pharmacol. 189: 119–127. 129 Rökaeus Å, Young WS III, Mezey É. (1988). Galanin coexists with vasopressin in the normal rat hypothalamus and galanin's synthesis is increased in the Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rat. Neurosci Lett. 90: 45–50. 130 Young WS III, Mezey É, Siegel RE. (1986). Vasopressin and oxytocin mRNAs in adrenalectomized and Brattleboro rats: analysis by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry. Mol Brain Res. 1: 231–241. 131 Zingg HH, Lefebvre DL. (1988). Oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression during gestation and lactation. Mol Brain Res. 4: 1–6. 132 Van Tol HHM, Bolwerk ELM, Liu B, Burbach JPH. (1988). Oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of the rat during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation. Endocrinology. 122: 945–951. 133 Mezey É, Kiss JZ. (1991). Coexpression of vasopressin and oxytocin in hypothalamic supraoptic neurons of lactating rats. Endocrinology. 129: 1814–1820. 134 Laurent FM, Hindelang C, Klein MJ, Stoekel ME, Felix JM. (1989). Expression of the oxytocin and vasopressin genes in the rat hypothalamus during development: an in situ hybridization study. Dev Brain Res. 46: 145–154. 135 Reppert SM, Uhl GR. (1987). Vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acid in supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei: appearance and circadian regulation during development. Endocrinology. 120: 2483–2487. 136 Van Tol HHM, Voorhuis TAM, Snijdewint FGM, Boer GJ, Burbach JPH. (1986). Vasopressin gene expression is attenuated in the fetal Brattleboro rat. FEBS Lett. 204: 101–105. 137 Van Tol HHM, Snijdewint FGM, Boer GJ, Burbach JPH. (1990). Hypothalamic oxytocin mRNA during development of the Brattleboro rat: comparison to vasopressin mRNA. Neurosci Res Commun. 7: 25–33. 138 Tramu G, Croix C, Pillez A. (1983). Ability of CRF immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus to produce a vasopressin-like material. Neuroendocrinology. 37: 467–469. 139 Kiss JZ, Mezey É, Skirboll L. (1984). Corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus become vasopressin positive after adrenalectomy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 81: 1854–1858. 140 Sawchenko PE, Swanson LW, Vale WW. (1984). Co-expression of Corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivity in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the adrenalectomized rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 81: 1883–1887. 141 Wolfson B, Manning RW, David LG, Arentzen R, Baldino F jr. (1985). Colocalization of corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin mRNA in neurones after adrenalectomy. Nature. 315: 59–61. 142 Lightman SL, Young WS, III. (1988). Corticotrophin-releasing factor, vasopressin and proopiomelanocortin mRNA responses to stress and opiates in the rat. J Physiol (Lond). 403: 511–523. 143 Uhl GR, Reppert SM. (1986). Suprachiasmatic nucleus vasopressin messenger RNA: circadian variation in normal and Brattleboro rats. Science. 232: 390–393. 144 Burbach JPH, Liu B, Voorhuis TAM, Van Tol HHM. (1988). Diurnal variation in vasopressin and oxytocin messenger RNAs in hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. Mol Brain Res. 4: 157–160. 145 Young WS, III, Zoeller RT. (1987). Neuroendocrine gene expression in the hypothalamus: in situ hybridization histochemical studies. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 7: 353–366. 146 Miller MA, Zoeller RT, Dorsa DM. (1988). Detection of vasopressin messenger RNA in cells within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis by in situ hybridization histocheraistry. Neurosci Lett. 94: 264–268. 147 Urban JH, Miller MA, Drake CT, Dorsa DM. (1990). Detection of vasopressin mRNA in cells of the medial amygdala but not the locus coeruleus by in situ hybridization. J Chem Neuroanat. 3: 277–283. 148 Miller MA, Urban JH, Dorsa DM. (1989). Steroid dependency of vasopressin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis by in situ hybridization. Endocrinology. 125: 2335–2340. 149 Urban JH, Miller MA, Dorsa DM. (1991). Dexamethasone-induced suppression of vasopressin gene expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala is mediated by changes in testosterone. Endocrinology. 129: 109–116. 150 van Leeuwen FW, Caffe AR, De Vries J. (1985). Vasopressin cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the rat: sex differences and the influence of androgens. Brain Res. 325: 391–394. 151 de Vries GJ, Duetz W, Buijs RM, Heerkhuize J, Vreeburg JTM. (1986). Effects of androgens and estrogens on the vasopressin and oxytocin innervation of the adult brain. Brain Res. 399: 296–302. 152 Levy A, Lightman SL. (1989). Posterior pituitary vasopressin mRNA in slat-loaded rats: effects of pituitary stalk transection. J Pbysiol (Lond). 418: 140P. 153 Murphy D, Levy A, Lightman S, Carter D. (1989). Vasopressin RNA in the neural lobe of the pituitary: dramatic accumulation in response to salt loading. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86: 9002–9005. 154 McCabe JT, Lehmann E, Chastrette N, Hänze J, Lang RE, Ganten D, Pfaff DW. (1990). Detection of vasopressin mRNA in the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. Mol Brain Res. 8: 325–329. 155 Mohr E, Zhou A, Thorn NA, Richter D. (1990). Rats with physically disconnected hypothalamo-pituitary tracts no longer contain vasopres-sin-oxytocin gene transcripts in the posterior pituitary lobe. FEBS Lett. 263: 332–336. 156 Loh YP, Castro MG, Zeng F-J, Patel-Vaidya U. (1988). Presence of pro-vasopressin mRNA, neurophysin and arginine vasopressin in mouse anterior pituitary cells and AtT-20 corticotrophic tumour cell line. J Mol Endocrinol. 1: 39–48. 157 Terrier C, Chabot J-G, Pautrat G, Jeandel L, Gray D, LutzBucher B, Zingg HH, Morel G. (1991). Arginine-vasopressin in anterior pituitary cells: in situ hybridization of mRNA and ultrastructural localization of immunoreactivity. Neuroendocrinology. 54: 303–311. 158 Lehmann E. (1988). Untersuchungen zur expression des vasopres-singens in der ratte, University of Heidelberg, Doctoral Dissertation. 159 Levy A, Lightman SL, Carter DA, Murphy D. (1990). The origin and regulation of posterior pituitary vasopressin ribonucleic acid in osmotically stimulated rats. J Neuroendocrinol. 2: 329–334. 160 Mohr E, Fehr S, Richter D. (1991). Axonal transport of neuropeptide encoding mRNAs within the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract of rats. EMBO J. 10: 2419–2424. 161 Jirikowski GF, Sanna PP, Bloom FE. (1990). mRNA coding for oxytocin is present in axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87: 7400–7404. 162 Jirikowski GF, Sanna PP, Maciejewski-Lenoir D, Bloom FE. (1992). Reversal of diabetes insipidus in Brattleboro rats: intrahypothalamic injection of vasopressin mRNA. Science. 255: 996–998. 163 Geenen V, Legros JJ, Franchimont P, Defresne M-P, Boniver J, Ivell R, Richter D. (1987). The thymus as a neuroendocrine organ. Synthesis of vasopressin and oxytocin in human thymic epithelium. Ann NY Acad Sci. 496: 56–66. 164 Foo N-C, Carter D, Murphy D, Ivell R. (1991). Vasopressin and oxytocin gene expression in rat testis. Endocrinology. 128: 2118–2128. 165 Lefebvre DL, Giaid A, Zingg HH. (1992). Expression of the oxytocin gene in the rat placenta. Endocrinology. 130: 1185–1192. 166 Ivell R, Furuya K, Brackmann B, Dawood Y, Khan-Dawood F. (1990). Expression of the oxytocin and vasopressin genes in human and baboon gonadal tissues. Endocrinology. 127: 2990–2996. 167 Lefebvre DL, Zingg HH. (1991). Novel vasopressin gene-related transcripts in rat testis. Mol Endocrinol. 5: 645–652. 168 Ivell R, Richter D. (1984). The gene for the hypothalamic peptide hormone oxytocin is highly expressed in the bovine corpus luteum: biosynthesis, structure and sequence analysis. EMBO J. 3: 2351–2354. 169 Ivell R, Hunt N, Abend N, Brackman B, Nollmeyer D, Lamsa JC, McCracken JA. (1990). Structure and ovarian expression of the oxytocin gene in sheep. Reprod Fertil Res. 2: 703–711. 170 Ivell R, Bracken KH, Fields MJ, Richter D. (1985). Ovulation triggers oxytocin gene expression in the bovine ovary. FEBS Lett. 190: 263–267. 171 Holtorf A-P, Furuya K, Ivell R, McArdle CA. (1989). Oxytocin production and oxytocin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in bovine granulosa cells are regulated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I: dependence on developmental status of the ovarian follicle. Endocrinology. 125: 2612–2620. 172 Furuya K, McArdle CA, Ivell R. (1990). The regulation of oxytocin gene expression in early bovine luteal cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 70: 81–88. 173 Walther N, Wehrenberg U, Brackmann B, Ivell R. (1991). Mapping of the bovine oxytocin gene control region: identification of binding sites for luteal nuclear proteins in the 5′ non-coding region of the gene. J Neuroendocrinol. 3: 539–549. 174 Richard S, Zingg HH. (1991). Identification of cis-acting regulatory elements in the human oxytocin gene promoter. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2: 501–510. 175 Wray S, Kusano K, Gainer H. (1991). Maintenance of LHRH and oxytocin neurons in slice explants cultured in serum-free media: effects of tetrodotoxin on gene expression. Neuroendocrinology. 54: 327–339. 176 Morel A, O'Carroll A-M, Brownstein MJ, Lolait SJ. (1992). Molecular cloning and expression of a rat Vla arginine vasopressin receptor. Nature. 356: 523–526. 177 Lolait SJ, O'Carroll A-M, McBride OW, Konig M, Morel A, Brownstein MJ. (1992). Cloning and characterization of a vasopressin V2 receptor; chromosomal localization of gene suggests link to hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nature. 357: 336–339. 178 Kimura T, Tanizawa O, Mori K, Brownstein MJ, Okayama H. (1992). Structure and expression of a human oxytocin receptor. Nature. 356: 526–529. 179 Ostrowski NL, Lolait SJ, Bradley DJ, O'Carroll A-M, Brownstein MJ, Young WS, III. (1992). Distribution of Via and V2 vasopressin receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in rat liver, kidney, pituitary and brain. Endocrinology. 131: 533–535. 180 Rehbein M, Hillers M, Mohr E, Ivell R, Morley S, Schmale H, Richter D. (1986). The neurohypophyseal hormones vasopressin and oxytocin: precursor structure, synthesis, and regulation. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 367: 695–704. 181 GenBank Accession #X55130. 182 Hyodo S, Kato Y, Ono M, Urano A. (1991). Cloning and sequence analyses of cDNAs encoding vasotocin and isotocin precursors of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta: evolutionary relationships of neurohypo-physial hormone precursors. J Comp Physiol [B]. 160: 601–608. 183 GenBank Accession #X55131. 184 GenBank Accession #X58474. 185 Birnbaumer M, Seibold A, Gilbert S, Ishido M, Barberis C, Antaramian A, Brabet P, Rosenthal W. (1992). Molecular cloning of the receptor for human antidiuretic hormone. Nature. 357: 333–335. Citing Literature Volume4, Issue5October 1992Pages 527-540 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)