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Artigo Acesso aberto Produção Nacional Revisado por pares
BIBTEX RIS

Colic Caused by Panicum Maximum Toxicosis in Equidae in Northern Brazil

2009; SAGE Publishing; Volume: 21; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1177/104063870902100622

ISSN

1943-4936

Autores

Valíria Duarte Cerqueira, Gabriela Riet‐Correa, José Diomedes Barbosa, Marcos Dutra Duarte, Carlos Magno Chaves Oliveira, Carlos Alberto de Oliveira, Carlos Hubinger Tokarnia, Stephen T. Lee, Franklin Riet-Corrêa,

Tópico(s)

Plant and fungal interactions

Resumo

In the Amazon region of northern Brazil, Panicum maximum cultivars Mombaça, Tanzânia, and Massai cause severe colic and death in horses and mules. The disease occurs in the rainy season, when sprouting pastures are grazed by equidae. In the 8 separate disease outbreaks studied, a total of 52 out of 153 equidae were affected, including 19 that died (10 mules and 9 horses). Clinical signs were colic and abdominal dilatation, with a clinical manifestation period of 12 hr to 4 days. Serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were within reference intervals; however, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were occasionally elevated. The primary gross and histologic lesions were observed in the digestive system. The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine had severe hemorrhages and occasional mucosal erosions and ulcerations. Ulceration and hemorrhage of the urinary bladder were rarely observed. Histologic examination revealed diffuse lymphoplasmacytic gastritis and enteritis with severe congestion, hemorrhage, and occasional epithelial necrosis and ulceration. Lymphocellular necrosis was occasionally observed within gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Tubular nephrosis occurred in some animals. Degeneration and occasional necrosis of bile duct epithelial cells and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in the liver. Toxic pastures were negative for diosgenin- and yamogenin-based saponins, and oxalate concentrations were within reference intervals for the species. The toxin or toxins causing disease and the reason for the toxicity of the plant in the northern region are unknown.

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