Artigo Revisado por pares

NIGERIAN SOURCES OF COPPER, LEAD AND TIN FOR THE IGBO‐UKWU BRONZES

1989; Wiley; Volume: 31; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1475-4754.1989.tb01053.x

ISSN

1475-4754

Autores

Vincent E. Chikwendu, Paul Craddock, R. M. Farquhar, Thurstan Shaw, A. C. Umeji,

Tópico(s)

Archaeological Research and Protection

Resumo

ArchaeometryVolume 31, Issue 1 p. 27-36 NIGERIAN SOURCES OF COPPER, LEAD AND TIN FOR THE IGBO-UKWU BRONZES V. E. CHIKWENDU, V. E. CHIKWENDU Department of Archaeology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorP. T. CRADDOCK, P. T. CRADDOCK Research Laboratory, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorR. M. FARQUHAR, R. M. FARQUHAR Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7Search for more papers by this authorTHURSTAN SHAW, THURSTAN SHAW 37 Hawthorne Road, Stapleford, Cambridge CB2 5DU, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorA. C. UMEJI, A. C. UMEJI Department of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author V. E. CHIKWENDU, V. E. CHIKWENDU Department of Archaeology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorP. T. CRADDOCK, P. T. CRADDOCK Research Laboratory, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorR. M. FARQUHAR, R. M. FARQUHAR Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7Search for more papers by this authorTHURSTAN SHAW, THURSTAN SHAW 37 Hawthorne Road, Stapleford, Cambridge CB2 5DU, U.K.Search for more papers by this authorA. C. UMEJI, A. C. UMEJI Department of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1989.tb01053.xCitations: 20AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES Bernus, S. and Echard, N., 1985. Metalworking in the Agadez Region (Niger), Furnaces and smelting technology in antiquity, (eds P. Craddock and M. J. Hughes), British Museum Occasional Paper No. 48. London : British Museum. Chikwendu, V. E. and Umeji, A. C., 1979 (published 1983). Local sources of raw material for the Nigerian bronze, brass industry, W. Afr. J. Archaeol. 9, 151– 165. Connah, G., 1981, Three thousand years in Africa, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Cowell, M. R., 1977, Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of ancient gold alloys, PACT 1, 76– 85. Craddock, P. T., 1979, The copper alloys of the Mediaeval Islamic World, World Archaeol. 11, 68– 79. Craddock, P. T., 1985a, Mediaeval copper alloy production and West African bronze analyses I. Archaeometry, 27(1). 17– 42. Craddock, P. T., 1985b. Three thousand years of copper alloys, in Application of science in examination of works of art (eds P. A. England and L. Van Zelst), Boston : Museum of Fine Arts. Craddock, P. T., and Picton, J., 1986, Mediaeval copper alloy production and West African bronze analyses II, Archaeotnetry 28 (1), 3– 32. Davison, C. C., 1972, Glass beads in African archaeology: results of neutron activation analysis, supplemented by results of X-ray fluorescence analysis, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory LBL-1240, Berkeley. Echard, N., 1983, Métallurgies Africaines, Mémoires de la Société des Africanistes 9. Fagg, W., 1963, Nigerian images, London : Lund Humphries. Farrington, J. L., 1952. Preliminary description of the Nigerian lead-zinc field, J. Econ. Geol. 47, 583– 608. Fawns, S., 1921. Tin deposits of the world. London : The Mining Journal. Ford, S. O., 1981. The economic mineral resources of the Benue Trough. Earth Evol. Sci. 1, 154– 163. Goucher, C., Teillhet, J. H., Wilson, K. R. and Chow, T. J., 1976. Lead isotope studies in metal sources from ancient Nigerian ‘bronzes’, Nature 262 (5564). 130– 131. Goucher, C., Teillhet, J. H., Wilson, K. R. and Chow, T. J., 1978. Lead isotope analyses and possible metal sources for Nigerian bronzes, in Arcliaeological chemistry II (ed. C. F. Carter). Washington , DC : American Chemical Society. Grebenart, D., 1986. La région d'In Gall — Takedda n Tesemt (Niger). Programme archélogique d'urgence II. Le Néolithique et Ies débuts de la métallurgie, Niamey, Inst. de recherches en science humaine, Etudes Nigériennes 49. Hawks, H. F., 1954. Geochemical prospecting investigation in the Nyeba lead zinc district, Nigeria, US Geol. Survey, Bull. 1000B, 51– 103. Herbert, E. W., 1984. Red gold of Africa. Wisconsin : University of Wisconsin Press. Lambert, N., 1971. Les industries sur cuivre dans l'ouest africain, W. Afr. J. Archaeol, 1, 9– 21. Maryon, H., 1957. Fine metalwork. in A history of technology, Vol. 2 (eds C. Singer, E. J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall and T. J. Williams), pp. 449– 492, Oxford : Oxford University Press. Monod, T., 1969. Le Ma'den Ijâfen. Une épave caravanière ancience dans le Majabat al Koubra, Actes du Premier Colloque International d' Archéologie Africnine. Fort Lamy 11–16 Décembre 1966, pp. 286– 320, Fort Lamy, Inst. hat Tehadien pour les Sciences Humaines. Onwuejeogwu, M. A., 1981. An Igho civilization, London : Ethnographica. Orajaka, S., 1965. The geology of the Enyigba. Ameri and Ameka lead-zinc lodes, Abakaliki division, Eastern Nigeria - a reconnaissance. J. Nig. Min. Geol. Mot. Soc. 2, (2). 66– 70. Orajaka, S., 1972. Nigerian ore deposits. Mining Magazine, October 1972. Shaw, Thurstan, 1970, Igbo-Ukwu: an account of archaeological discoveries in eastern Nigeria, London : Faber and Faber. Shaw, Thurstan, 1977. Unearthing Igho-Ukwu, Ibadan : Oxford University Press. Willett, F., 1959. Bronze figures from Ita Yemoo, Ife, Nigeria., Man 59, 1– 5. Willett, F., 1967. Ife in the history of West African sculpture, London : Thames and Hudson. Williams, D. 1974. Icon and image. London : Allen Lane. Citing Literature Volume31, Issue1February 1989Pages 27-36 ReferencesRelatedInformation

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