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Making sense of laboratory tests of folate status: Folate requirements to sustain normality

1987; Wiley; Volume: 26; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/ajh.2830260211

1096-8652

Victor Herbert,

Folate and B Vitamins Research

American Journal of HematologyVolume 26, Issue 2 p. 199-207 Concise Review Making sense of laboratory tests of folate status: Folate requirements to sustain normality Victor Herbert M.D., J.D., Corresponding Author Victor Herbert M.D., J.D. Hematology and Nutrition Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York 10468Search for more papers by this author Victor Herbert M.D., J.D., Corresponding Author Victor Herbert M.D., J.D. Hematology and Nutrition Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York 10468Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.2830260211Citations: 75AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Herbert V: Experimental nutritional folate deficiency in man. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 75: 307–320, 1962. 2 Herbert V: Minimal daily adult folate requirement. Arch Intern Med 110: 649–652., 1962. 3 Herbert V: Biology of disease: Megaloblastic anemia. Lab Invest 52: 3–19, 1985. 4 Chanarin I: The Megaloblastic Anaemias, Ed. 2. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1979. 5 Herbert V, Colman N, Drivas G: A proposed model of sequential stages in the development of folate deficiency anemia. Blood 66(suppl 1): 30a, 1985. 6 Herbert V: Folate deficiency. Book of abstracts, XXIst Congress, Int Soc Haematol, Sydney, Australia, May 11–16, 1986, p 216. 7 Herbert V: Studies of folate deficiency in man. Proc R Soc Med (Lond) 57: 377–384, 1964. 8 Weir DG, McGing PG, Scott JM: Commentary: Folate metabolism, the enterohepatic circulation and alcohol. Biochem Pharmacol 34: 1–7, 1985. 9 Senti Fr, Pilch SM: Analysis of folate data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES II]. J Nutr 115: 1398–1402, 1985. 10 Herbert V: Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of folate in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 45: 661–670, 1987. 11 Herbert V, Das KC: The role of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: Folic acid clearance studies. Vit Hormones 34: 1–30, 1976. 12 Herbert V, Zalusky R: Interrelations of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: Folic acid clearance studies. J Clin Invest 41: 1263–1276, 1962. 13 Noronha JM, Silverman M: On folic acid, vitamin B12, methionine, and formimimunoglutamate metabolism. In HC Heinrich (ed): Vitamin B12 and Intrinsic Factor, 2nd European Symposium. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke, 1962, pp 728–736. 14 Shane B, Stokstad ELR: Vitamin B12-folate interrelationships. In RE Olson, R Beutler, HP Broquist, (eds): Annual Review of Nutrition. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, 1985, pp 115–141. 15 Perry J, Chanarin I: Abnormal folate polyglutamate ratios in untreated pernicious anemia corrected by therapy. Brit J Haematol 35: 397–502, 1977. 16 Herbert V: Folic acid requirement in adults (including pregnant and lactating females) and Summary of the workshop. In: Folic Acid: Biochemistry and Physiology in Relation to the Human Nutrition Requirement. Washington, DC: National Research Council, Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, 1977, pp 247–255, 277–293. 17 Lindenbaum J: Folic acid requirement in situations of increased need. In: Folic Acid: Biochemistry and Physiology in Relation to the Human Nutrition Requirement. Washington, DC: National Research Council, Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, 1977, pp 256–276. 18 Scott JM, Weir DG: The methyl trap hypothesis: A physiological response in man to prevent methyl group deficiency in kwashiorkor (methionine deficiency) and an explanation for folic acid-induced exacerbation of subacute combined degeneration in pernicious anemia. Lancet 2: 337–340, 1981. 19 Carmel R, Karnaze DS: The deoxyuridine supression test identifies subtle cobalamin deficiency in patients without typical megaloblastic anemia. J Am Med Assoc 253: 1284–87, 1985. 20 Metz J, Kelly A, Swett VC et al: Deranged DNA synthesis by bone marrow from vitamin B12 deficient humans. Br J Haematol 14: 575, 1968. 21 Das KC, Herbert V: The lymphocyte as a marker of past nutritional status: Persistence of abnormal lymphocyte deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test and chromosomes in patients with past deficiency of folate and vitamin B12. Br J Haematol 38: 219–233, 1978. 22 Das KC, Manussellis C, Herbert V: Simplifying lymphocyte culture and the deoxyuridine suppression test by using whole blood (0.1 mL) instead of separated lymphocytes. Clin Chem 26: 72, 1980. 23 Das KC, Herbert V, Colman N, Longo D: Unmasking covert folate deficiency in iron-deficient subjects with neutrophil hypersegmentation: dU supression tests on lymphocytes and bone marrow. Br J Haematol 39: 357–375, 1978. 24 Colman N, Herbert V: Abnormal lymphocyte deoxyuridine suppression test: A reliable indicator of decreased lymphocyte folate levels. Am J Hematol 8: 169–174, 1980. 25 Steinberg SE, Fonda S, Campbell CL, Hillman RS: Cellular abnormalities of folate deficiency. Br J Haematol 54: 605–612, 1983. 26 Matthews TH, Wickramasinghe SN: Acquired folate deficiency in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes. Br J Haematol 63: 281–291, 1986. 27 Bain B: Folate requirement for blast cell transformation in mixed leucocyte cultures. Cell Immunol 15: 237–245, 1975. 28 Wickramasinghe SN: The deoxyuridine supression test. In Hall CA (ed): "The Cobalamins" Methods Hematol 10: 196–208, 1983. 29 Das KC, Herbert V: Effects of folates and cobalamins on thymidylate synthesis in nutritional megaloblastosis, abstracted. Second Kuwait International Medical Sciences Conference, March 4–8, 1984, S13–4. 30 Bothwell TH, Charlton RW, Cook JD, Finch CA: Iron Metabolism in Man. St. Louis, MO: Blackwell Scientific, 1979. 31 English E, Finch CA: Iron deficiency: A systematic approach. Drug Therapy 14: 45, 46, 51–63, 1984. 32 Green R, Kuhl W, Jacobson R et al: Masking of macrocytosis by α-thalassemia in blacks with pernicious anemia. N Engl J Med 307: 1322, 1982. 33 Herbert V: Current concept in therapy: Megaloblastic anemia. N Engl J Med 268: 201–203, 368–371, 1963. 34 Herbert V, Colman N: Folic acid and vitamin B12. In ME Shils and V Young (eds): Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1987. 35 Zalusky R, Herbert V: Megaloblastic anemia in scurvy with response to 50 μg folic acid daily. N Engl J Med 265: 1033–1038, 1961. 36 Herbert V: Nutritional requirements for vitamin B12 and folic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 21: 743–752, 1968. 37 Hoogstraten B, Cuttner J, Natovitz B: Sequence of recovery from multiple manifestations of folic acid deficiency. J Mt Sinai Hosp 31: 10–16, 1984. 38 Marshall RA, Jandl JH: Response to "physiologic" doses of folic acid in megaloblastic anemia. Arch Intern Med 105: 352, 1960. 39 Amos RJ, Amess JAL, Hind CJ, Mollin DL: Incidence and pathogenesis of acute megaloblastic bone marrow change in patients receiving intensive care. Lancet 2: 835–839, 1982. 40 Amos RJ, Amess JAL, Nancekievill DG, Rees GM: Prevention of nitrous oxide-induced megaloblastic changes in bone marrow using folinic acid. Br J Anesthesiol 56: 103–107, 1984. 41 Gailani SD, Carey RW, Holland JF, O'Malley JA: Studies of folate deficiency in patients with neoplastic diseases. Cancer Res 30: 327–33, 1970. 42 Canada Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Health and Welfare: Nutrition Canada: Food Consumption Report. Ottawa, 1977. 43 Hoppner K, Lampi B: Folate levels in human liver from autopsies in Canada. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 862–864, 1980. 44 Bates CJ, Fleming M, Paul AA et al: Foliate status and its relation to vitamin C in healthy elderly men and women. Age Aging 9: 241–248, 1980. 45 Wu AI, Chanarin I, Slavin G, Levi AJ: Folate deficiency in the alcoholic—its relationship to clinical and hematological abnormalities, liver disease, and folate stores. Br J Haematol 29: 469–478, 1975. 46 National Research Council: Folic Acid: Biochemistry and Physiology in Relation to the Human Nutrition Requirement. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, 1977. 47 Spring JA, Robertson J, Buss DH: Trace nutrients. 3. Magnesium, copper, zinc, vitamin B5, vitamin B12, and folic acid in the British national household food supply. Br J Nutr 41: 487–493, 1979. 48 Chanarin I, Rothman D, Ward A, Perry J: Folate status and requirement in pregnancy. Br Med J 2: 390–394, 1968. 49 Colman N, Green R, Metz J: Prevention of folate deficiency by food fortification. II. Absorption of folic acid from fortified staple foods. Am J Clin Nutr 28: 459–464, 1975. 50 World Health Organization (WHO): Nutritional Anemias: Report of a WHO Scientific Group. WHO Technical Report Series #405. Geneva: WHO, 1968. 51 Ek J: Plasma, red cell, and breast milk folacin concentrations in lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 38: 929–935, 1983. 52 Herbert V: Nutritional anemias of childhood—folate, B12: The megaloblastic anemias. In RM Suskind (ed): Textbook of Pediatric Nutrition. New York: Raven Press, 1981, pp 133–144. 53 Asfour R, Wahbea N, Waslien C et al: Folacin requirements of children. III. Normal infants. Am J Clin Nutr 30: 1098–1105, 1977. 54 Salmi HA: Ann Acad Sci Fenn [A] Suppl 103, 1963. 55 Dallman P: Iron deficiency and related nutritional anemias: In DG Nathan, F Oski, (eds): Hematology of Infancy and Childhood. Philadephia: W.B. Saunders, 1974, pp 126–134. 56 FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization) Expert Group: Requirements of ascorbic acid, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate and iron. WHO Technical Report Series #452. Geneva: WHO, 1970. 57 Colman N, Hettiarachchy N, Herbert V: Detection of a milk factor that facilitates folate uptake by intestinal cells. Science 211: 1427–1429, 1980. 58 Colman N, Chen J-F, Gavin W, Herbert V: Factors affecting enhancement by milk of folate uptake into intestinal cells. Blood 58 (suppl 1): 26A, 1981. 59 Rosenberg IH, Bowman BB, Cooper BA et al: Folate nutrition in the elderly. In: Symposium on the evidence relating selected vitamins and minerals to health and disease in the elderly population in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 36 (suppl): 1060–1066, 1982. 60 Russell RM, Krasinski SD, Samloff IM: Correction of impaired folic acid (PteGlu) absorption by orally administered HCl in subjects with gastric atrophy. Clin Res 32: 633A, 1984. 61 Drasar BS, Hill MJ: Human Intestinal Flora. New York: Academic Press, 1974. 62 Herbert V, Drivas G, Manusselis C et al: Are colon bacteria a major source of cobalamin analogues in human tissues? 24-hour human stool contains only about 5 μg cobalamin but about 100 μg apparent analogue (and 200 μg folate). Trans Assoc Am Physicians 97: 161–171, 1984. 63 Ettinger S, Colman N: Altered relationship between red cell and serum folate in the aged, suggesting impaired erythrocyte folate transport. Fed Proc 44: 1283, 1985. 64 Ran J-Y, Colman N, Wang YL, Drivas G, Herbert V: Folate and B12 status in young and elderly without/with carcinoma in China. Clin Res 33: 760A, 1985. 65 JA Blair (ed): Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines: Pteridines and Folic Acid Derivatives. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1983. 66 ID Goldman, BA Chabner, JR Bertino, (eds): Folyl and Antifolyl Polyglutamates. New York: Plenum Press, 1983. 67 RL Blakley, SJ Benkovic, (eds): Folates and Pterins: Chemistry and Biochemistry of Folates, Vol. I. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984. 68 BA Cooper, VM Whitehead, (eds): Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines 1986: Pteridines and Folic Acid Derivatives. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1986. 69 Colman V, Herbert V: Hematologic complications of alcoholism: Overview. Semin Hematol XVII: 164–176, 1980. 70 Lindenbaum J: Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies in alcoholism. Semin Hematol 17: 119–129, 1980. 71 Eichner ER, Hillman RS: The effect of alcohol on the serum folate level. J Clin Invest 52: 584–591, 1973. 72 Steinberg SE, Campbell C, Hillman RS: Kinetics of the normal folate enterohepatic cycle. J Clin Invest 64: 83–89, 1979. 73 Steinberg SE: Mechanisms of folate homeostasis. Am J Physiol 246: G319–G324, 1984. 74 Shaw S, Jayatilleke E, Herbert V, et al: Cleavage of 5- methyltetrahydrofolate (5M THF) during ethanol metabolism: Role of acetaldehyde-xanthine oxidase generated superoxide. Clin. Res. 35: 644 A, 1987. 75 Waxman S, Corcino J, Herbert V: Drugs, toxins, and dietary amino acids affecting vitamin B12 or folic acid absorption or utilization. Am J Med 48: 599–608, 1970. 76 Hillman RS, Finch C: The Red Cell Manual, Ed 5. Philadelphia: FA Davis Co., 1985. 77 Herbert V, Herzlich B: A proposed model of sequential stages in the development of vitamin B12 deficiency. Blood 66(suppl 1): 30a, 1985. Citing Literature Volume26, Issue2October 1987Pages 199-207 ReferencesRelatedInformation