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Vascular calcification: from pathophysiology to biomarkers

2014; Elsevier BV; Volume: 438; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.034

1873-3492

Séverine Evrard, Pierre Delanaye, Saı̈d Kamel, Jean‐Paul Cristol, Étienne Cavalier, J. Arnaud, Ph. Zaoui, M.-C. Carlier, M. Laville, Denis Fouque, Étienne Cavalier, Pierre Delanaye, Jean‐Paul Cristol, A.S. Bargnoux, Saı̈d Kamel, Ziad A. Massy, Dominique Prié, Pablo Ureña-Torres, J.C. Souberbielle, Anne Boutten, Alain P. Guérin, Thierry Hannedouche, Guillaume Jean, Marie‐Hélène Lafage‐Proust, Gérard M. London, Lucile Mercadal, Laurence Piéroni,

Heterotopic Ossification and Related Conditions

The link between vascular calcification (VC) and increased mortality is now well established. Over time, as clinical importance of this phenomenon has begun to be fully considered, scientists have highlighted more and more physiopathological mechanisms and signaling pathways that underlie VC. Several conditions such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and renal diseases are undoubtedly identified as predisposing factors. But even if the process is better understood, many questions still remain unanswered. This review briefly develops the various theories that attempt to explain mineralization genesis. Nonetheless, the main purpose of the article is to provide a profile of the various existing biomarkers of VC. Indeed, in the past years, a lot of inhibitors and promoters, which form a dense and interconnected network, were identified. Given importance to assess and control mineralization process, a focusing on accumulated knowledge of each marker seemed to be necessary. Therefore, we tried to define their respective role in the physiopathology and how they can contribute to calcification risk assessment. Among these, Klotho/fibroblast growth factor-23, fetuin-A, Matrix Gla protein, Bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin, pyrophosphate and sclerostin are specifically discussed.