Hearing them speak: voices in Wilfred Bion, Muriel Spark and Penelope Fitzgerald
2005; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 19; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/09502360500329745
ISSN1470-1308
Autores Tópico(s)Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 Penelope Fitzgerald, ‘Hearing them speak’ (1993), reprinted in The Afterlife, ed. Terence Dooley, with Christopher Carduff and Mandy Kirkby (New York: Counterpoint, 2003), p. 361. 2 Adam Phillips, ‘Superiorities’, in Equalities (London: Faber and Faber, 2002), p. 12. 3 Jacques Lacan, ‘La psychiatre anglaise et la guerre’, Travaux et interventions (1947), p. 312. 4 Ibid., p. 290. 5 Phillips, Equalities, p. 4. 6 Lacan, ‘La psychiatre anglaise et la guerre’, p. 301. 7 Haydee Faimberg, ‘Whom was Bion addressing? “Negative capability” and “listening to listening”’, W.R. Bion: Between Past and Future, ed. Parthenope Bion Talamo, Franco Borgogno and Silvio A. Merciai (London and New York: Karnac Books, 2000), p. 81. 8 A version of this essay was first delivered at the conference, ‘Life Beyond Language: The Psychoanalytical Voice’, organized by Therip and The Freud Museum in March 2005. 9 W.R. Bion and John Rickman, ‘Intra-group tensions in therapy: their study as the task of the group’ (1943), reprinted in Experiences in Groups and Other Papers (London and New York: Routledge, 1994), p. 12. 10 Penelope Fitzgerald, ‘Curriculum vitae’ (1989), reprinted in The Afterlife, p. 342. 11 Penelope Fitzgerald, ‘A character in one of God's dreams: Reality and Dreams by Muriel Spark’ (1997), ibid., p. 279. 12 ‘Introduction’, Bion's Legacy to Groups, ed. Pathenope Bion Talamo, Franco Borgogno and Silvio A. Merciai (London: Karnac Books, 1998), p. 7. 13 Wilfred Bion, ‘Commentary’ (1972), in War Memoirs 1917–19, ed. Francesca Bion (London: Karnac Books, 1997), p. 204. 14 Wilfred Bion, ‘Amiens’ (1958), in War Memoirs 1917–19, pp. 256–7. 15 Wilfred Bion, The Long Week-end 1897–1919 (London: Free Association Books, 1986), pp. 248–9. 16 Otto Isakower, ‘On the exceptional position of the auditory sphere’, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 20 (1939), p. 345. For a fascinating account of the trials of inner speech in history and theory see Denise Riley, ‘“A voice without a mouth”: inner speech’, Qui Parle, 14:2 (2004), pp. 57–104. 17 Mladen Dolar, ‘The object voice’, in Gaze and Voice as Love Objects, ed. Renata Salecl and Slavoj Žižek (Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 1996), p. 28. 18 See Wilfred Bion, ‘Attacks on linking’ (1959), in Second Thoughts: Selected Papers on Psycho-analysis (New Jersey, and London: Jason Aronson, 1993), pp. 93–109. 19 Wilfred Bion, ‘Language and the schizophrenic’ (1953), in New Directions in Psycho-analysis: The Significance of Infant Conflict in the Pattern of Adult Behaviour, ed. Melanie Klein, Paula Heimann and R.E. Money-Kyrle (London: Karnac, 1985), pp. 231–2. 20 Ibid., p. 231. 21 Wilfred Bion, ‘Development of schizophrenic thought’ (1956), in Second Thoughts, p.41. 22 As Robert Hinshelwood points out it was Bion who first categorized projective identification into two types. ‘The difference,’ notes Hinshelwood, ‘depends on the degree of violence in the execution of the mechanism. There are two alternative aims of projective identification: (i) one is to evacuate violently a painful state of mind leading to forcibly entering an object, in phantasy, for immediate relief and often with the aim of an intimidating control of the object; and (ii) the other is to introduce into the object a state of mind, as a means of communicating with it about this mental state.’ Robert Hinshelwood, A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought (London: Free Association Books, 1991), p. 182. The precarious faultline between intimidating control and communication runs right through the voices I am trying to describe here. 23 More than a few of Bion's patients carry an echo of George Harvey Bone, the anti-hero in Patrick Hamilton's Hangover Square (1941). In the final scenes of that novel George, persecuted by voices, creates a net around his murder victims while Chamberlain delivers his infamous 1939 declaration of war broadcast. Bion was also Samuel Beckett's analyst for a period in the 1930s. Quite how Beckett's voice interacts with Bion's (particularly the later autobiographical Bion of works such as A Memoir of the Future (1991)) is an engrossing topic. See Didier Anzieu, Beckett et le psychanalyste (Paris: Editions Mentha: 1992) for a fascinating treatment of this theme. Beckett, of course, also frequently wrote his voices for radio. 24 Wilfred Bion, ‘On hallucination’ (1958), in Second Thoughts, p. 82. 25 Ibid., pp. 47–8. 26 Virginia Woolf, Between the Acts (1941) (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992), p. 51. 27 Wilfred Bion, ‘Group dynamics: a re-view’ (1955), in Experiences in Groups, p. 141. 28 Ibid., p. 177. 29 Wilfred Bion, ‘Experiences in groups’, in Experiences in Groups, p. 41. 30 Wilfred Bion, ‘Group dynamics: a re-view’, p. 456. 31 See Wilfred Bion, ‘Notes on memory and desire‘ (1967), in Melanie Klein Today, Vo1.2: Mainly Practice (London: Routledge, 1988), pp. 17–21. 32 Wilfred Bion, ‘Group dynamics: a re-view‘, p. 461. 33 Thanks to Richard Robinson for pointing out the shocking power of Oskar's voice in Grass' novel, and to Tony Gash for discussions about the ends of heteroglossia. The classic text for thinking about voice and the novel is M.M. Bakhtin's The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays, trans. M. Holquist and C. Emerson (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981). See also Julia Kristeva, ‘Word, dialogue and novel’, in The A Kristeva Reader, ed. Toril Moi (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986), pp. 34–61. 34 ‘“The same informed air”: an interview with Muriel Spark', Martin McQuillan, in Theorizing Muriel Spark: Gender, Race, Deconstruction, ed. Martin McQuillan (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002), p. 218. 35 Byran Cheyette, Muriel Spark (Tavistock: Northcote House in association with the British Council, 2000), p. 10. See also the essays collected in Martin McQuillan, ed. Theorizing Muriel Spark. 36 W.R. Bion and John Rickman, ‘Intra-group tensions in therapy: their study as the task of the group’, p. 14. 37 Muriel Spark, The Girls of Slender Means (Penguin: London, 1966), p. 106. 38 Ibid., p. 11. 39 Ibid., p. 21. 40 See Jacques Lacan, ‘God and the Jouissance of Woman’, in Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and l'école freudienne, ed. Juliet Mitchell and Jacqueline Rose, trans. Jacqueline Rose (London: Macmillan, 1982), p. 142. 41 Muriel Spark, The Girls of Slender Means, pp. 86–7. 42 Frank Kermode, ‘Muriel Spark’, in Modern Essays (London: Fontana, 1971), p. 272. 43 Muriel Spark, The Girls of Slender Means, p. 61. 44 Ibid., p. 71. 45 Penelope Fitzgerald, Human Voices (1980) (London: Flamingo, 1997), p. 122. 46 Ibid., p. 8. 47 Ibid., p. 96. 48 Ibid., p. 77. 49 Heinrich Heine, ‘Der Asra’, in Selected Verse (1968), ed. and trans. Peter Branscombe (London: Penguin, 1986), p. 182. 50 Penelope Fitzgerald, Human Voices, pp. 81–2. 51 Ibid., p. 84. 52 Ibid., p. 142. 53 Ibid., p. 77. 54 Ibid., p. 135. 55 Ibid., p. 141. 56 Ibid., p. 144. 57 Wilfred Bion, ‘Psychiatry at a time of crisis‘, British Journal of Medical Psychiatry, 21 (1948), pp. 84–5. 58 See Moustapha Safouan, Jacques Lacan and the Question of Psychoanalytic Training, translated and introduced by Jacqueline Rose (London: Macmillan, 2000).
Referência(s)