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Mutations in ADAR1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome associated with a type I interferon signature

2012; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 44; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/ng.2414

1546-1718

Gillian Rice, Paul R. Kasher, Gabriella Forte, Niamh Mannion, Sam M. Greenwood, Marcin Szynkiewicz, Jonathan E. Dickerson, Sanjeev S. Bhaskar, Massimiliano Zampini, Tracy A. Briggs, Emma M. Jenkinson, Carlos A. Bacino, Roberta Battini, Enrico Bertini, Paul Brogan, Louise Brueton, Marialuisa Carpanelli, Corinne De Laet, Pascale de Lonlay, Mireia del Toro, Isabelle Desguerre, Elisa Fazzi, Àngels García‐Cazorla, Arvid Heiberg, Masakazu Kawaguchi, Ram Kumar, Jean‐Pierre Lin, Charles Marques Lourenço, Alison Male, Wilson Marques, Cyril Mignot, Ivana Olivieri, Simona Orcesi, Prab Prabhakar, Magnhild Rasmussen, Robert A. Robinson, Flore Rozenberg, Johanna Schmidt, Katharina Steindl, Tiong Yang Tan, William G van der Merwe, Adeline Vanderver, Grace Vassallo, Emma Wakeling, Evangeline Wassmer, Elizabeth Whittaker, John H. Livingston, Pierre Lebon, Tamio Suzuki, Paul McLaughlin, Liam P. Keegan, Mary A. O’Connell, Simon C. Lovell, Yanick J. Crow,

RNA Research and Splicing

Yanick Crow and colleagues show that mutations in ADAR1 cause the autoimmune disorder Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, accompanied by upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes. ADAR1 encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adeonosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, and the findings suggest a possible role for RNA editing in limiting the accumulation of repeat-derived RNA species. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and thereby potentially alter the information content and structure of cellular RNAs. Notably, although the overwhelming majority of such editing events occur in transcripts derived from Alu repeat elements, the biological function of non-coding RNA editing remains uncertain. Here, we show that mutations in ADAR1 (also known as ADAR) cause the autoimmune disorder Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). As in Adar1-null mice, the human disease state is associated with upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes, indicating a possible role for ADAR1 as a suppressor of type I interferon signaling. Considering recent insights derived from the study of other AGS-related proteins, we speculate that ADAR1 may limit the cytoplasmic accumulation of the dsRNA generated from genomic repetitive elements.