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25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials

2013; Volume: 26; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/adma.201304138

1521-4095

Michael Naguib, Vadym N. Mochalin, Michel W. Barsoum, Yury Gogotsi,

Graphene research and applications

Recently a new, large family of two‐dimensional (2D) early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, was discovered. MXenes are produced by selective etching of the A element from the MAX phases, which are metallically conductive, layered solids connected by strong metallic, ionic, and covalent bonds, such as Ti 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , and Ta 4 AlC 3 . MXenes ­combine the metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides with the hydrophilic nature of their hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. In essence, they behave as “conductive clays”. This article reviews progress—both ­experimental and theoretical—on their synthesis, structure, properties, intercalation, delamination, and potential applications. MXenes are expected to be good candidates for a host of applications. They have already shown promising performance in electrochemical energy storage systems. A detailed outlook for future research on MXenes is also presented.