Artigo Revisado por pares

EL DESARROLLO DE UN ASENTAMIENTO LACUSTRE EN LA CUENCA ALTA DEL RÍO LERMA: EL CASO DE SANTA CRUZ ATIZAPÁN, MÉXICO CENTRAL

2010; Dr. Pascual Izquierdo-Egea; Volume: 5; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.5281/zenodo.1308896

ISSN

1989-4104

Autores

Yoko Sugiura, Elizabeth Zepeda, Carmen Pérez, Shigeru Kabata,

Tópico(s)

Mexican Socioeconomic and Environmental Dynamics

Resumo

espanolEl valle de Toluca se localiza en la cuenca hidrologica Lerma-Chapala-Santiago, la mas extensa de la Republica Mexicana. A lo largo de su milenaria historia, ha sido reconocido por ser una region donde se encuentran tres cienagas (Chignahuapan, Chimaliapan y Chicnahuapan), circundadas por volcanes y densos bosques ademas del rio Lerma. La riqueza ambiental de este frio valle favorecio la temprana ocupacion de la region, cuyas evidencias arqueologicas se remontan, por lo menos, hasta hace mas de 3000 anos, durante el Formativo temprano. Hacia 500/600 d. C., las condiciones climaticas se volvieron mas secas, provocando el descenso del nivel de agua de las lagunas y permitiendo la colonizacion del interior de las cienagas. El sitio arqueologico Santa Cruz Atizapan constituye uno de los asentamientos lacustres que se fundaron en esta zona. Este articulo se enfoca en el, donde los antiguos pobladores se adaptaron a las condiciones del terreno cenagoso y lo transformaron en un lugar habitable, construyendo unos cien monticulos sobre los cuales levantaron sus casas-habitaciones. Trata, tambien, acerca del modo de vida lacustre, donde prevalece la relacion simbiotica del hombre con su medio, y sobre el intercambio de productos con otras regiones, que destacan por considerarse de gran relevancia en el desarrollo y consolidacion del sitio como centro rector. A pesar de que los monticulos dentro de la cienaga fueron abandonados a fines del Epiclasico cuando las condiciones climaticas provocaron nuevamente un ascenso en el nivel del agua, la parte nuclear del sitio Santa Cruz Atizapan continuo funcionando durante el Posclasico como uno de los centros regionales importantes. EnglishThe Valley of Toluca is situated in the Lerma-Chapala-Santiago hydrological system, the largest basin of the Mexican Republic. Throughout its history it has been known for its three shallow water lakes or marshes (Chignahuapan, Chimaliapan and Chicnahuapan), connected by the Lerma river and flanked by volcanoes and thick forests. The environmental conditions of this cold, high-altitude valley allowed the early colonization of the region, evidence of which goes back more than 3000 yr BP, to the Early Formative period. Around c. 500/600 AD, the climatic conditions manifested as a drier period, causing the water table in the shallow lake zone to drop, which permitted occupation within the marshland. The archaeological site of Santa Cruz Atizapan constitutes one of the lacustrine sites which developed during this period in the Chignahuapan marsh. The article focuses on this site, describing how the ancient population adapted to the particular wetland surroundings and how they transformed the inhospitable environment into a habitable space, constructing more than 100 low platform mounds in the area within the marsh, on which they built their habitations. It also stresses a mode of lacustrine life characterized by a symbiotic relationship between the human population and their immediate environment, as well as the control of long distance exchange networks with other regions outside of the Toluca Valley, both of which played a relevant role in the processes of development and consolidation of the site as a regional center. At the end of the Epiclassic period, c. 900/1000 AD, climatic fluctuation resulted in more humid conditions and the recovery of water bodies which provoked the abandonment of the habitations located directly in the wetlands. Even though the people were obligated to move to the lakeshore zone, the central sector of Santa Cruz Atizapan (La Campana-Tepozoco) continued as a regional center until shortly before the Spanish Conquest of the Toluca Valley.

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