Revisão Revisado por pares

Sex differences in autoimmune disease

2006; SAGE Publishing; Volume: 15; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1177/0961203306069353

ISSN

1477-0962

Autores

Michael D. Lockshin,

Tópico(s)

T-cell and B-cell Immunology

Resumo

Female/male ratios of autoimmune diseases range from 10: 1 to 1: 3, with similar severity between the sexes. Men and women respond similarly to the infection and to vaccination, arguing against intrinsic sex differences in immune response. In autoimmune-like illnesses caused by environmental agents sex discrepancy is explained by differences in exposure. Endogenous hormones could cause sex discrepancy if their effect is a threshold off-on switch rather than quantitatively variable. X-inactivation and imprinting could cause sex discrepancy. Other possibilities include chronobiologic differences and pregnancy and menstruation biologies in which men differ from women.

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