Stroke Journal
2013; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 44; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Esloveno
10.1161/strokeaha.113.001999
ISSN1524-4628
AutoresGustavo Saposnik, S. Claiborne Johnston, Stavroula Raptis, Bruce Ovbiagele, Marc Fisher,
Tópico(s)Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
ResumoHomeStrokeVol. 44, No. 9Stroke Journal Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissionsDownload Articles + Supplements ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toSupplementary MaterialsFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBStroke JournalWhat Is Being Published to Advance the Field? Gustavo Saposnik, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FAHA, S. Claiborne Johnston, MD, PhD, FAHA, Stavroula Raptis, MSc, Bruce Ovbiagele, MD, MSc, FAHA and Marc Fisher, MD, FAHAon behalf of the Stroke Journal Editorial Board Gustavo SaposnikGustavo Saposnik From the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Stroke Outcomes Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.S.); Department of Neurology, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.C.J.); Applied Health Research Center, Li Ka Shin Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC (B.O.); Editor Stroke Editorial Office, American Heart Association, Boston, MA (M.F.); and Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA (M.F.). , S. Claiborne JohnstonS. Claiborne Johnston From the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Stroke Outcomes Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.S.); Department of Neurology, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.C.J.); Applied Health Research Center, Li Ka Shin Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC (B.O.); Editor Stroke Editorial Office, American Heart Association, Boston, MA (M.F.); and Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA (M.F.). , Stavroula RaptisStavroula Raptis From the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Stroke Outcomes Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.S.); Department of Neurology, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.C.J.); Applied Health Research Center, Li Ka Shin Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC (B.O.); Editor Stroke Editorial Office, American Heart Association, Boston, MA (M.F.); and Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA (M.F.). , Bruce OvbiageleBruce Ovbiagele From the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Stroke Outcomes Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.S.); Department of Neurology, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.C.J.); Applied Health Research Center, Li Ka Shin Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC (B.O.); Editor Stroke Editorial Office, American Heart Association, Boston, MA (M.F.); and Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA (M.F.). and Marc FisherMarc Fisher From the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Stroke Outcomes Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.S.); Department of Neurology, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.C.J.); Applied Health Research Center, Li Ka Shin Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.R.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC (B.O.); Editor Stroke Editorial Office, American Heart Association, Boston, MA (M.F.); and Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA (M.F.). and on behalf of the Stroke Journal Editorial Board Originally published1 Aug 2013https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001999Stroke. 2013;44:2644–2649Other version(s) of this articleYou are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: January 1, 2013: Previous Version 1 IntroductionStroke is a monthly peer-reviewed journal that just celebrated its 42nd publication year. Its target audience is broad, including general practitioners, general and vascular neurologists, basic scientists, cardiologists, vascular surgeons, internists, interventional radiologist, neurosurgeons, physiatrists, and stroke rehabilitation experts. Stroke publishes 12 monthly editions per year comprising ≈3500 pages per year, and it is indexed in Biosciences Information Service, Current Awareness in Biological Sciences, Chemical Abstracts, Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Current Contents, Excerpta Medica database, and MEDLINE. It publishes ≈30 original research articles, 8 brief reports, and 5 other types of articles in each issue, ≈100% of its content related to the field of cerebrovascular diseases. Other neurology journals only publish ≤15% of their content related to cerebrovascular disease.1,2Peer-reviewed publications are an important component of academic activity, as it constitutes a form of feedback to authors by qualified colleagues with expertise in a specific field and provides readers with up-to-date information. Peer-reviewed publications are also used to maintain standards of quality, evaluate academic performance, and are an essential part of the dissemination of research, describing innovative interventions and discoveries in clinical and basic science.3Stroke is considered the most important peer-reviewed journal in the area of cerebrovascular disorders, ranking number 7 among 66 journals in the Peripheral Vascular Disease category and number 13 among 185 journals in the Clinical Neurology category (2010 Journal Citation Reports Thomson Reuters, 2011).Limited information is available on what is being published in Stroke. A better understanding of common topics and factors influencing the acceptance rate would not only be informative for Stroke readers, but also be helpful for authors when submitting a new article and for editors when making decisions. Our aims were (1) to provide a comprehensive review of most common topics published in Stroke, (2) to compare acceptance rate by different subject categories (eg, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, etc), and (3) to evaluate whether editorial changes in the processing of new articles affected the time to publication.MethodsWe used the Stroke journal database to analyze all submissions from January 2004 to December 2011. As part of the general editorial process, submitted articles are checked in by staff. Once an article passes check in, it is assigned to a handling editor for initial evaluation. If the handling editor decides to send an article for review, he or she selects potential reviewers with appropriate expertise. Staff contacts the potential reviewers until the desired number of reviewers is obtained. When the reviews are returned, the handling editor considers an article on the basis of quality, originality, scientific rigor, and data presentation/analysis of an article along with reviewer comments and the overall priority of an article. The handling editor recommends a decision. Staff prepares a draft with reference to decision letter for the editor in chief or senior consulting editor to approve. When the decision is approved, staff sends the letter to the authors.All noninvited article submissions were considered eligible for the present study, but our evaluation was limited to original contributions (Figure 1). Articles in clinical and basic sciences were included. All new submissions were linked on the basis of article ID to determine the final outcome (eg, accepted, rejected, and resubmit as de novo). A similar approach was used for articles with recommendation of resubmission after minor or major revisions. A de novo rejection usually indicates that the reviewers considered an article to have some merit but substantial deficiencies were also observed. A de novo rejection affords the authors the opportunity to respond to the concerns of the reviewers by including additional data in an article. The status of each article was followed until September 2012.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 1. Article flow to determine the final research sample.Data elements for the present study included article ID, submission date, request revision date, number of requested and accepted reviewers, reviewer's recommendation, most recent editorial decision, subject codes, key words, article type, decision date, publication online date, publication print date, country, city, and affiliation of the corresponding author. A template of the most relevant fields can be found in the Stroke journal online submission Web site (http://stroke-submit.aha-journals.org). We excluded invited editorials, invited special reports, letters to the editor, invited and noninvited reviews, and articles with missing information in the final decision field. To protect the reviewers' identities and confidentiality, a unique identifier (eg, Reviewer ID number) was provided so that the name of the reviewer was anonymous. Each line in the database represented the invited reviewer for that specific article. Therefore, there were 2 to 10 records per article representing the invited, accepted, and declined potential reviewers. For the present analysis, duplicate article submissions were eliminated. The last recorded decision (final editorial decision) in the database was the variable used for the main analysis. Vascular risk factors were grouped to determine their relevance according to the total number of submitted articles. In particular, the following categories and key words were used: cardiac disease (including coronary artery bypass, cardiac surgery), coagulopathy/thrombosis (hypercoagulopathy, thrombosis, sinus thrombosis, vein, and venous thrombosis), and dyslipidemia (including cholesterol, lipids, and lipoproteins). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and atrial fibrillation remained as a single category. Subject codes were not altered for the analyses. We compared editorial processing time before and after July 1, 2010, when a triaging system led by a senior editor and 1 reviewer was introduced to allow faster processing of submitted articles. At that time, the publisher also streamlined its practices to allow faster online and print publications.Information for the corresponding author was used to determine the city, country, and continent of the submission. Countries were grouped according to the UN region classification (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm; see online-only Data Supplement).Statistical AnalysisChi-square test was used to compare categorical variables; ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare mean and median differences for continuous variables. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between editorial changes with time to final decision and publication. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between country and region of origin and top 10 key words with acceptance rate.Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 9 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX). All tests were 2 tailed, and P values <0.05 were considered significant. The protocol was approved by the Stroke Editorial Office and the American Heart Association.ResultsOverall, there were 70 333 records during the study period. Of them, there were 18 072 unique submitted articles after eliminating duplicates. After excluding case reports, research letters, invited and uninvited reviews, and brief communications (n=3123; 17.3%), 14 949 original contributions represented the final sample for the present analysis (Figure 1).There was a trend toward an increased number of articles submitted per year since 2004 (P<0.001; Figure 2). The number of submitted original articles is increased by 45%, from 118 per month in 2004 to a monthly average of 171 in the most recent years. The most common countries of origin were the United States, Japan, and Germany (Table 1). The most common continents for submissions were Europe (36.8%), followed by North-America (29.2%) and Asia (22.9%; Table 2). Only a small proportion of submissions originated from countries in Latin-America/Caribbean (1.2%) or Africa (0.4%). There was an increased trend in the number of submissions from Asia, Africa, and Latin-America (ranging from 21.6% in 2004 to 27.8% in 2011; P<0.001).Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 2. Trends in submissions for original contributions from 2004 to 2011 (P value for trend, <0.001).Table 1. Top 10 Countries of Origin for Submitted Articles and Acceptance RateRankCountryNumber of SubmissionsNumber of Accepted ArticlesAcceptance RateOR (95% CI) for Acceptance*1United States3723115631.12.07 (1.90–2.25)2Japan130616512.60.51 (0.43–0.61)3Germany110225423.11.13 (0.97–1.30)4United Kingdom88024227.51.45 (1.24–1.69)5Canada64217827.71.45 (1.22–1.74)6Netherlands60814223.41.14 (0.94–1.38)7Korea, Republic of5685710.00.41 (0.31–0.53)8China563427.50.29 (0.21–0.40)9Italy5207414.20.61 (0.48–0.78)10France48911824.11.19 (0.97–1.47)TotalTop 10 countries10 401242823.31.44 (1.31–1.58)Acceptance rate estimated from number of accepted original contributions/number of submitted original contributions. CI indicates confidence interval; and OR, odds ratio.*Derived from logistic regression analysis comparing the country odds with the average acceptance.Table 2. Submissions and Acceptance Rate by Continent According to the UN Region ClassificationCountryNumber of Submissions, n (%)Number of Accepted ArticlesAcceptance RateOR (95% CI) for Acceptance*Africa54 (0.4)59.30.38 (0.15–0.95)Asia3418 (22.9)35210.30.36 (0.32–0.40)Europe5507 (36.8)122022.21.10 (1.01–1.19)Latin-America and the Caribbean177 (1.2)2212.40.52 (0.34–0.82)North-America4372 (29.2)133630.62.11 (1.94–2.29)Oceania414 (2.8)11928.71.52 (1.23–1.89)Missing1007 (6.7)10710.60.42 (0.35–0.52)Total14 949 (100)316121.2…Acceptance rate estimated from number of accepted original contributions/number of submitted original contributions. CI indicates confidence interval; and OR, odds ratio.*Derived from logistic regression analysis comparing the continent odds with the average acceptance.The overall acceptance rate for original contributions was 21.1%, ranging from 18.2% (2009) to 24.3% (2006). There was a significant variability in the acceptance rate by continent (Table 2), North-America having the highest rate (30.6%) and Africa (9.3%) the lowest one. Number of submissions, acceptance rate, and odds of acceptance for the top 10 countries where original contributions originated are summarized in Table 1. Table 2 summarizes the same metrics by continent.There was no difference in the acceptance rate by month or season (eg, editorial decisions made: from June to August: odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–1.08, P=0.73; from January to March: OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89–1.06, P=0.53; decisions made during the Christmas/New Year: OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.71–1.14, P=0.39).Of the 14 949 submitted original contributions, 2284 (15.3%) articles were initially rejected, but invited to resubmit as new submission called de novo. Of them, 15 (0.66%) articles were either not resubmitted or unable to match with the original submission number, leaving 2269 articles resubmitted as de novo with a final editorial decision. The acceptance rate for those selected articles resubmitted as de novo was 78.8% (1789/2269).Time From Submission to Editorial Decision and PublicationThe mean (SD) time from submission to first editorial decision was 41.4 (±33) days. The mean time from submission to online and print publication for accepted articles was 174.2 (±64) days and 201.8 (±64) days, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the decision time by United Nations region or by country. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the time from submission to first decision after the implementation of the editorial changes on July 1, 2010 (43 days before versus 36 days after; P<0.0001). The regression analysis showed a 6-day reduction in the time to first editorial decision (−6.24; 95% CI, −7.5 to −4.93) after the implementation of editorial changes. Similarly, there was a significant reduction in the time from editorial decision to online (121 days versus 86 days; mean difference, 35 days; P<0.0001) and print (134 versus 125 days; mean difference, 9 days; P<0.0001) publication after 2010 for accepted articles (Figure 3). For each article, a mean of 4.2 reviewers was invited to participate in the Stroke journal review process. One third of invited reviewers (34.2%) either declined or did not participate in the review process.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 3. Mean time in days from initial submission to editorial decision, online and print publication for accepted articles (n=3161) during the study period (2004–2011). There was a significant reduction in the total time from submission to print publication between articles submitted and accepted before and after 2010 (P=0.0003).The Top 10 TopicsThe top 10 topics (identified from key words) for all original contributions and for the accepted articles are represented in Figure 4A and 4B. There were similarities in the most common topics among the submitted and accepted articles. However, rehabilitation was within the top 10 topics of submitted articles, whereas animal models were in the top 10 list of accepted original contributions.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 4. Top 10 topics for all submitted (A) and accepted (B) original contributions.Among the top 10 key words for all submitted original contributions, epidemiology (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.36–1.75), thrombolysis (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.32–1.57), risk factors (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13–1.47) were the only topics associated with a higher acceptance rate. Contrarily, rehabilitation (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.92) was less likely associated with acceptance.A subgroup analysis revealed a low selection of specific key words for common vascular risk factors. For example, only 467 (3.1%) of submitted articles selected hypertension, 320 (2.1%) selected coagulation/thrombosis, 263 (1.8%) selected atrial fibrillation, 246 (1.6%) selected cholesterol/lipids/lipoproteins, 243 (1.6%) selected diabetes mellitus, and 86 (0.6%) chose smoking.Ischemic stroke (46.5%) was the most common selected topic and stroke subtype, followed by intracerebral hemorrhage (9.4%) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (8.2%). A miscellaneous category (not including ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke) represented 35.8%. Articles submitted to the basic science section were more likely to be accepted (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08–1.33) compared with original contributions submitted to other sections.DiscussionPeer-reviewed publications are the means of dissemination of new knowledge for scientific progress.3,4 Furthermore, they constitute one of the most important elements in determining the allocation of career rewards and public resources.5,6 For editors, publishers, and journals, publications represent a means of communication with clinicians, stakeholders, advertisement companies, and readers.The present article is the first report about what is being published in Stroke, the most important journal in the field of cerebrovascular diseases. We found that acute stroke, brain ischemia, outcomes, and epidemiology were the most common submitted topics identified from key words selected by the authors. The most common countries of origin were the United States, Japan, and Germany. We found that among continents Europe contributed the most. We found a modest, but significant reduction in the article processing time (mean difference, 6 days; P 8 years. This study represents the first report providing information of what is being published in the most commonly cited journal in the field. Furthermore, it reveals the importance of having access to a comprehensive journal database containing useful information on the review process and editorial decisions relevant for Stroke readers, authors, reviewers, and editors.There is a need for more information on editorial decisions and the review process.19 Previous studies suggest a poor agreement between reviewers (κ ranging, 0.08–0.28), but reviewers had a strong influence on editorial decisions (likelihood of publication odds ratio ranging from 51 to 73).20 Publication bias in acute stroke trials and issues on conflict of interest for authors of practice guidelines have also been raised.21,22 Despite the available evidence, medical journals offer limited information on editorial decisions and peer-review processes to their readers. A better understanding of the usual timelines, most commonly published topics, and editorial decisions provides transparency of these processes and can lead to a more effective peer review process, which in turn, may lead to relevant publications and innovative advancements to the field of cerebrovascular diseases.AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Rebecca Seastrong, Managing Editor at the Stroke Editorial Office for her invaluable support and assistance. We appreciate the help provided by Joshua To and Stephanie Sung (both co-op students from the University of Waterloo, Canada) and the support from the Applied Health Research Center at the Li Ka Shin Institute and the University of Toronto Stroke Program. We are also grateful to the Stroke Journal Editorial office and the American Heart Association for providing access to the data. We have participated in the conception, design, analysis, interpretation of the results, drafting the article and made a critical revision of the article. The opinions, results and conclusions reported in this article are those of the authors and are independent from the Stroke Editorial Office and the American Heart Association.DisclosuresDr Saposnik is supported in part by Distinguished Clinician-Scientist Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. The other authors report no conflicts.FootnotesGuest Editor for this article was Bo Norrving, MD, PhD.The online-only Data Supplement is available with this article at http://stroke.ahajournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001999/-/DC1.Correspondence to Gustavo Saposnik, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, Stroke Outcomes Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, Ontario, M5C 1R6 Canada. E-mail [email protected]References1. Hauser SL, Johnston SC, Ferriero DM, Lowenstein DH, Josephson SA, Messing RO, et al. Status report: The annals in 2010.Ann Neurol. 2010; 67:A5–12.Google Scholar2. Stewart AF, Johnston SC, Hauser SL. 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Invited Article: Conflicts of interest for authors of American Academy of Neurology clinical practice guidelines.Neurology. 2008; 71:57–63.CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Owolabi M, Thrift A, Martins S, Johnson W, Pandian J, Abd-Allah F, Varghese C, Mahal A, Yaria J, Phan H, Roth G, Gall S, Beare R, Phan T, Mikulik R, Norrving B, Feigin V, Abera S, Addissie A, Adeleye A, Adilbekov Y, Adilbekova B, Adoukonou T, Aguiar d, Akhmetzhanova Z, Akinyemi R, Akpalu A, Ameriso S, Andonova S, Abanto C, Awoniyi F, Bakhiet M, Basri H, Bath P, Bereczki D, Beretta S, Berkowitz A, Bernhardt J, Berzina G, Bhavsar B, Bisharyan M, Bovet P, Brainin M, Budincevic H, Cabral N, Cadilhac D, Caso V, Chen C, Chin J, Christensen H, Chwojnicki K, Conforto A, Cruz V, D'Amelio M, Danielyan K, Davis S, Demarin V, Dempsey R, Dichgans M, Dokova , Donnan G, Duran J, Elizondo M, Elkind M, Endres M, Etedal I, Faris M, Fischer U, Gankpe F, Gavidia M, Gaye-Saavedra A, Giroud M, Gongora-Rivera F, Hachinski V, Hacke W, Hamadeh R, Hamzat T, Hankey G, Heldner M, Ibrahim N, Inoue M, Jee S, Jiann-Shing J, Johnston S, Kalkonde Y, Kamenova S, Kelly P, Khan T, Kiechl S, Kondybayeva A, Kõrv J, Kravchenko M, Krishnamurthi R, Langhorne P, Kang Z, Kruja J, Lavados P, Lebedynets D, Leung T, Liebeskind D, Lindsay P, Liu L, López-Jaramillo P, Lotufo P, Machline-Carrion J, Markus H, Marquez-Romero J, Medina M, Medukhanova S, Mehndiratta M, Mirrakhimov E, Mohl S, Murphy S, Musa K, Nasreldein A, Nogueira R, Nolte C, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Novarro-Escudero N, O'Donnell M, Ogun V, Oraby M, Ovbiagele B, Ōrken D, Ōzdemir A, Ozturk S, Paccot M, Peters A, Piradov M, Platz T, Potpara T, Ranta A, Rathore F, Roth G, Sacco R, Sahathevan R, Santos I, Saposnik G, Sarfo F, Sharma M, Sheth K, Shobhana A, Silva S, Suwanwela N, Sylaja P, Thakur K, Toni D, Topcuoglu M, Torales J, Towfighi A, Truelsen T, Tsiskaridze A, Tsong-Hai L, Tulloch-Reid M, Useche J, Vanacker P, Vassilopoulou S, Venketasubramanian N, Vukorepa G, Vuletic V, Wahab K, Wang W, Wijeratne T, Wolfe C, Yifru M, Yock-Corrales A, Yonemoto N and Yperzeele L (2021) The state of stroke services across the globe: Report of World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization surveys, International Journal of Stroke, 10.1177/17474930211019568, 16:8, (889-901), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021. 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Saposnik G, Ovbiagele B, Raptis S, Fisher M and Johnston S (2014) Effect of English Proficiency and Research Funding on Acceptance of Submitted Articles to Stroke Journal, Stroke, 45:6, (1862-1868), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014. September 2013Vol 44, Issue 9 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001999PMID: 23908060 Manuscript receivedMay 2, 2013Manuscript acceptedJune 20, 2013Originally publishedAugust 1, 2013 Keywordsstrokethrombolytic therapydeveloping countriesepidemiologypublicationseditorialrehabilitationPDF download Advertisement SubjectsAnimal Models of Human DiseaseEpidemiologyIschemic StrokeTreatment
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