Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Exercise induced asthma in children and adolescents and the relationship to sports

1998; Wiley; Volume: 9; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1399-3038.1998.tb00369.x

1399-3038

Kai‐Håkon Carlsen,

Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization

Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyVolume 9, Issue 4 p. 173-180 Exercise induced asthma in children and adolescents and the relationship to sports Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Corresponding Author Kai-Håkon Carlsen Voksentoppen centre of asthma, allergy and chronic lung diseasesKai-Håkon Carlsen, Ullveien 14, N-0394 Oslo Fax:+47 22 13 65 05, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Corresponding Author Kai-Håkon Carlsen Voksentoppen centre of asthma, allergy and chronic lung diseasesKai-Håkon Carlsen, Ullveien 14, N-0394 Oslo Fax:+47 22 13 65 05, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 June 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1998.tb00369.xCitations: 12AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Adams F. The extant works of Aretaeus, the Cappodician. London : The Sydenham Society 1856: 316. 2 Lee TH, Anderson SD. Heterogeneity of mechanisms in exercise-induced asthma. Thorax 1985: 40: 481–7. 3 Backer V, Ulrik CS. Bronchial responsiveness to exercise in a random sample of 494 children and adolescents from Copenhagen. Clin Exp Allergy 1992: 22: 741–7. 4 Taylor WR, Newacheck PW. Impact of childhood asthma upon health. Pediatrics 1992: 90: 657–62. 5 Lenney W, Well NEJ, O'Neill BA. The burden of paediatric asthma. Eur Respir Rev 1994: 4: 49–62. 6 International Paediatric Consensus Group on Asthma. Asthma: a follow up statement from an international paediatric asthma consensus group. Arch Dis Child 1992: 67: 240–8. 7 Godfrey S, Springer C, Noviski N, Maayan Ch, Avital A. Exercise but not metacholine differentiates asthma from chronic lung disease in children. Thorax 1991: 46: 488–92. 8 Carlsen KH, Bech R, Oseid S, et al. Bronchial reactivity measured by exercise-induced asthma test and PC-20-histamine: A comparison of two methods. In: CA Morehouse, ed. Children and Exercise XII. Champaign , Illinois : Human Kinetics 1986: p. 295–300. 9 Gilbert IA, McFadden JR ER. Airway cooling and rewarming. The second reaction sequence in exercise-induced asthma. J Clin Invest 1992: 90: 699–704. 10 McFadden JR ER, Pichurko BM, Bowman HF, et al. Thermal mapping of the airways in humans. J Appl Physiol 1985: 58: 564–70. 11 Lee TH, Nagakura T, Papageorgiou N, Cromwell O, IKURA Y, KAY AB. Mediators in exercise-induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994: 73: 634–9. 12 O'Sullivan S, Rooquet A, Dahlén B, et al. Evidence for mast cell activation during exercise-induced bronchocon-striction. Eur Respir J 1998: 12: 345–50. 13 Reiss TF, Hill JB, Harman E, et al. Increased urinary excretion of LTE4 after exercise and attenuation of exercise-induced bronchospasm by montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist. Thorax 1997: 52: 1030–5. 14 Rønsen O, Hem E, Edvardsen E, Halvorsen R, Carlsen KH. Changes in airways inflammatory markers during high intensity training in elite cross country skiers. Eur Respir J 1995: 8: 473. 15 Pauwels R, Joos G, Vander Straten M. Bronchial responsiveness is not bronchial responsiveness is not asthma. Clin Allergy 1988: 18: 317–21. 16 Anderson SD. Exercise-induced asthma: Stimulus, mechanism and management. In: PJ Barnes, IW Roger, NC Thomson, eds. Asthma. Basic mechanisms and clinical management. London : Academic Press 1988. p. 503–22. 17 Anderson SD, Schoeffel RE, Black JL, Daviskas E. Airway cooling as the stimulus to exercise-induced asthma. A re-evaluation. Eur Respir J 1985: 67: 20–30. 18 Sheppard D, Eschenbacher WL. Respiratory water loss as a stimulus to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984: 73: 640–2. 19 Anderson SD, Daviskas E. The airway microvasculature and exercise induced asthma. Thorax 1992: 47: 748–52. 20 Lee TH, Assoufi BK, Kay AB. The link between exercise, respiratory heat exchange, and the mast cell in bronchial asthma. Lancet 1983; i: 520–2. 21 Widdicombe JH, Nathanson IT, Highland E. Effects of “loop” diuretics on ion transport by dog tracheal epithelium. Am J Physiol l983: 245: 388–396. 22 Bianco S, Vaghi A, Robuschi M, Pasargiklian M. Prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by inhaled frusemide. Lancet 1988: 2: 252–5. 23 Carlsen KH, Oseid S, Odden H, et al. The response to heavy swimming exercise in children with and without bronchial asthma. In: S Oseid, KH Carlsen, eds. Children and Exercise XIII. Champaign , Illinois : Human Kinetics 1989: p. 351–60. 24 Sue-Chue M, Karjalainen EM, Altraja A, et al. Lymphoid aggregates in endobronchial biopsies from youngelite cross-country skiers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998: 158: 597–601. 25 Cockcroft DW, Ruffin RE, Dolovich J Hargreavefe. Allergen-induced increase in non-allergic bronchial reactivity. Clin Allergy 1977: 7: 503–13. 26 Bierman CW, Spiro SG, Petheran DJ. Late response in exercise-induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1980: 65: 206. 27 Lee TH, Nagakura T, Papageorgiou N, et al. Exercise-induced late asthmatic reactions with neutrophil chemotactic activity. N Engl J Med 1983: 308: 1502–5. 28 Boner AL, Niero E, Antolini I, Warner JO. Biphasic (early and late) asthmatic responses to exercise in children with severe asthma, resident at high altitude. Eur J Pediatr 1985: 144: 164–6. 29 Sano F, Sole D, Naspitz CK. Prevalence and characteristics of exercise-induced asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1998. Ped Allergy Immunol 1998: 9: 181–5. 30 Boner AL, Vallone G, Chiesa M, Spezia E, Fambri L, Sette L. Reproducibility of late phase pulmonary response to exercise and its relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity in children with chronic asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 1992: 14: 156–9. 31 Hofstra WB, Sterk PJ, Neijens HJ, Kouwenberg JM, Mulder PG, Duiverman EJ. Occurrence of a late response to exercise in asthmatic children: multiple regression approach using time-matched baseline and histamine control days. Eur Respir J 1996: 9: 1348–55. 32 Peroni DG, Boner AL. Exercise-induced asthma: Is there space for late-phase reactions? Eur Respir J 1996: 9: 1335–8. 33 Chhabra SK, Ojha UC. Late asthmatic response in exercise-induced asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998: 80: 323–7. 34 Noviski N, Bar-Yishay E, Godfrey S. Exercise intensity determines and climatic conditions modify the severity of exercise-induced asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987: 136: 592–4. 35 Carlsen KH, Engh G, Mørk M, Schrøder E. Cold air inhalation and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in relationship to metacholine bronchial responsiveness. Different patterns in asthmatic children and children with other chronic lung diseases. Respir Med 1998: 92: 308–15. 36 Landwehr LP, Wood RP, Blager FB, Milgrom H. Vocal cord dysfunction mimicking exercise-induced bronchospasm in adolescents. Pediatrics 1996: 98: 9714. 37 McFadden Jr ER, Zawadski DK. Vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as exercise-induced asthma. A physiologic cause for “choking” during athletic activities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996: 153: 942–7. 38 Engh G, Mørk M, Carlsen KH. Exercise induced bronchoconstriction depends on exercise load. Am I Respir Crit Care Med 1998: 157: A621. 39 Waalkens HJ, van Essen-Zandvliet EE, Gerritsen J, Duiverman EJKK, Knol K. The effect of an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) on exercise-induced asthma in children. Dutch CNSLD Study Group. Eur Respir J 1993: 6: 652–6. 40 Avital A, Springer C, Bar Yishay E, Godfrey S. Adenosine, methacholine, and exercise challenges in children with asthma or paediatric chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1995: 50: 511–6. 41 Bar-Or O, Inbar O. Swimming and asthma. Benefits and deleterious effects. Sport Med 1992: 14: 397–405. 42 Weiler JM, Metzger J, Donnelly AL, Crowley ET, Sharath MD. Prevalence of bronchial responsiveness in highly trained athletes. Chest 1986: 90: 23–8. 43 Pierson WE. Exercise-induced bronchospasm in the XXIII summer Olympic games. N Engl Reg Allergy Proc 1988: 9: 209–13. 44 Magnussen H, Reuss G, Jörres R. Airway response to metacholine during exercise induced refractoriness in asthma. Thorax 1986: 41: 667–670. 45 Suzuki S, Chonan T, Sasaki H, et al. Bronchial hyperre-sponiveness to metacholine after exercise in asthmatics. Ann Allergy 1985: 54: 136–141. 46 Zawadski DK, Lenner KA, McFadden Jr ER. Effect of exercise on nonspecific airway reactivity in asthmatics. J Appl Physiol 1988: 64: 812–6. 47 Mahler DA, Loke J. Lung function after marathon running at warm and cold ambient temperatures. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981: 124: 154–7. 48 Adams WC. Effects of ozone exposure at ambient air pollution epidsode levels on exercise performance. Sport Med 1987: 4: 395–424. 49 Heir T, Larsen S. The influence of training intensity, airway infections and evironmental conditions on seasonal variations in bronchial responsiveness in cross-country skiers. Scand. J Med Sci Sports 1995: 5: 152–9. 50 Heir T, Oseid S. Self-reported asthma and exercise-induced asthma symptoms in high-level competitive crosscountry skiers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1994: 4: 128–33. 51 Larsson K, Ohlsen P, Larsson L, Malmberg P, Rydstrom PO, Ulriksen H. High prevalence of asthma in cross country skiers. BMJ 1993: 307: 1326–9. 52 Drobnic F, Freixa A, Casan P, Sanchis J, Guardino X. Assessment of chlorine exposure in swimmers during training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996: 28: 271–4. 53 Helenius IJ, Tikkanen HO, Haahtela T. Association between type of training and risk of asthma in elite athletes. Thorax 1997: 52: 157–60. 54 Papalia, SM. Aspects of inhaled budesonide use in asthma and exercise. Department of Human Movement, University of Western Australia 1996. 55 Henriksen JM, Dahl R. Effects of inhaled budesonide alone and in combination with low-dose terbutaline in children with exercise-induced asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983: 128: 993–7. 56 Van Essen-Zandvliet EE, Hughes MD, Waalkens HJ, et al. Effects of 22 months of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and/or beta-2 agonists on lung function, airway responsiveness, and symptoms in children with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992: 146: 547–54. 57 Robuschi M, Riva E, Fuccella LM, et al. Prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by a new leukotriene antagonist (SK&F 104353). A double-blind study versus disodium cromoglycate and placebo. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992: 145: 1285–8. 58 Meltzer SS, Hasday JD, Cohn J, Bleecker ER. Inhibition of exercise-induced bronchospasm by zileuton: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996: 153: 931–5. 59 Hoag JE, McFadden Jr ER. Long-term effect of cromolyn sodium on nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness: a review. Ann Allergy 1991: 66: 53–63. 60 Carlsen KH, Larsson K. The efficacy of inhaled disodium cromoglycate and glucocorticoids. Clin Exp Allergy 1996: 26 Suppl 4: 8–17. 61 Benedictis FM, RTteri G, Bertotto A, Bruni L, Vaccaro R. Comparison of the protective effects of cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium in the treatment of exercise-induced asthma in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994: 94: 684–8. 62 Anderson SD. Drugs and the control of exercise-induced asthma. Eur Respir J 1993: 6: 1090–2. 63 Comis A, Valletta EA, Sette L, Andreoli A, Boner AL. Comparison of nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate administered by pressurized aerosol, with and without a spacer device in exercise-induced asthma in children. Eur Respir J 1993: 6: 523–6. 64 Oseid S, Mellbye E, Hem E. Effect of nedocromil sodium on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction exacerbated by inhalation of cold air. Scand. J Med Sci Sports 1995: 5: 88–93. 65 Zanconato S, Baraldi E, Santuz P, Magagnin G, Za-CCHELLO F. Effect of inhaled disodium cromoglycate and albuterol on energy cost of running in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 1990: 8: 240–4. 66 Baraldi E, Santuz P, Magagnin G, Filippone M, Zacchello F. Effect of disodium cromoglycate on ventilation and gas exchange during exercise in asthmatic children with a postexertion FEV1 fall less than 15 percent. Chest 1994: 106: 1083–8. 67 Woolley M, Anderson SD, Quigley BM. Duration of protective effect of terbutaline sulfate and cromolyn sodium alone and in combination on exercise-induced asthma. Chest 1990: 97: 39–45. 68 Green CP, Price JF. Prevention of exercise induced asthma by inhaled salmeterol xinafoate. Arch Dis Child 1992: 67: 1014–7. 69 Carlsen KH, Røksund O, Olsholt K, Njå F, Leegaard J, Bratten G. Overnight protection by inhaled salmeterol on exercise-induced asthma in children. Eur Respir J 1995: 8: 1852–5. 70 Boner AL, Spezia E, Piovesan P, Chiocca E, Maiocchi G. Inhaled formoterol in the prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994: 149: 935–9. 71 Steffensen I, Faurschou P, Riska H, Rostrup J, Wegener T. Inhaled formoterol dry powder in the treatment of patients with reversible obstructive airway disease. A 3-month, placebo-controlled comparison of the efficacy and safety of formoterol and salbutamol, followed by a 12-month trial with formoterol. Allergy 1995: 50: 657–63. 72 Juniper EF, Johnston PR, Borkhoff CM, Guyatt GH, Boulet LP, Haukioja A. Quality of life in asthma clinical trials: comparison of salmeterol and salbutamol. Am. J Respir Crit Care Med 1995: 151: 66–70. 73 Finnerty JP, Holgate ST. The contribution of histamine release and vagal reflexes, alone and in combination, to exercise-induced asthma. Eur Respir J 1993: 6: 1132–7. 74 Greenough A, Yuksel B, Everett L, Price JF. Inhaled ipratropium bromide and terbutaline in asthmatic children. Respir Med 1993: 87: 111–4. 75 Garrigo J, Danta I, Ahmed T. Time course of the protective effect of inhaled heparin on exercise-induced asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996: 153: 1702–7. 76 LEFF JA, Busse WW, Pearlman D, et al. Montclukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. N Engl J Med 1998: 339: 147–52. 77 Meeuwisse WH, McKenzie DC, Hopkins S, Road JD, Hopkins SR. The effect of salbutamol on performance in nonasthmatic athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992: 24: 1161–6. 78 Morton AR, Papalia SM, Fitch KD. Is salbutamol crgogenic?: The effects of salbutamol on physical performance in the high-performance nonasthmatic athletes. Clin J Sport Med 1992: 2: 93–7. 79 Carlsen KH, Ingjer F, Thyness B, Kirkegaard H. The effect of inhaled salbutamol and salmeterol on lung function and endurance performance in healthy well-trained athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1997: 7: 160–5. 80 Heir T, Stemshaug H. Sabutamol and high-intensity treadmill running in nonasthmatic highly conditioned athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1995: 5: 231–6. Citing Literature Volume9, Issue4November 1998Pages 173-180 ReferencesRelatedInformation