Effect of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Random Urine Creatinine, pH, and Specific Gravity Measurements
2000; American Association for Clinical Chemistry; Volume: 46; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1093/clinchem/46.2.295
ISSN1530-8561
AutoresJeri D. Ropero‐Miller, Helen Paget-Wilkes, Paul L. Doering, Bruce A. Goldberger,
Tópico(s)Hormonal and reproductive studies
ResumoForensic urine drug-testing laboratories routinely evaluate the suitability of urine specimens to assess potential adulteration, substitution, or dilution. For example, the measurement of urinary creatinine and specific gravity is performed by these laboratories to determine whether a specimen is abnormally dilute (1). Creatine is synthesized endogenously and is stored in skeletal muscle in a high-energy phosphorylated form. During muscle contraction, creatine and creatine phosphate are spontaneously converted to creatinine. Creatinine is eliminated from the body by renal excretion at a relatively constant rate, making it a clinically chosen measurement to indicate renal function and a forensically chosen measurement to detect dilute urine and potentially adulterated specimens (2). Creatine has been available since the early 1960s as a dietary supplement purported to ergogenically enhance short-term, high-intensity exercise (3)(4). However, it was not until the 1990s, when oral creatine supplements became widely available over the counter, that creatine became a popular …
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