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The Mexican amber anole, Anolis electrum , within a phylogenetic context: implications for the origins of Caribbean anoles

2014; Oxford University Press; Volume: 172; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/zoj.12159

1096-3642

María del Rosario Castañeda, Emma Sherratt, Jonathan B. Losos,

Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy

Zoological Journal of the Linnean SocietyVolume 172, Issue 1 p. 133-144 Original Article The Mexican amber anole, Anolis electrum, within a phylogenetic context: implications for the origins of Caribbean anoles María del Rosario Castañeda, Corresponding Author María del Rosario Castañeda Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USACorresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEmma Sherratt, Emma Sherratt Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USASearch for more papers by this authorJonathan B. Losos, Jonathan B. Losos Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USASearch for more papers by this author María del Rosario Castañeda, Corresponding Author María del Rosario Castañeda Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USACorresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEmma Sherratt, Emma Sherratt Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USASearch for more papers by this authorJonathan B. Losos, Jonathan B. Losos Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 August 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12159Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Anoles are well-known examples of adaptive radiation and convergent evolution. Their phylogenetic relationships have been intensely studied, but their fossil record remains fairly poor, limiting our understanding of their evolutionary history. We present new data on Anolis electrum Lazell, 1965, the first discovered fossil anole and sole vertebrate described from Mexican amber, using X-ray computed tomography. We inferred the phylogenetic relationships of A. electrum and comment on its use in estimating the age of Anolis origins, which has significant relevance in explaining the presence of anoles on Caribbean islands. Anolis electrum is represented by two pieces of amber containing parts of the same individual. Partial squamation and skeleton details are well preserved, although only ten characters commonly used in phylogenetic analyses could be scored. The lack of informative characters resulted in A. electrum being inferred in 14 different places within four recognized subclades – Dactyloa, cristatellus series, darlingtoni series, and Norops – one of which corresponds to previously suggested close relationships. Results fail to support a suggested age estimation of 130 Myr for Anolis; consequently, the hypothesis of overwater dispersal as the explanation for the occurrence of anoles on Caribbean islands remains the most robust hypothesis. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London Supporting Information Filename Description zoj12159-sup-0001-fig_s1.tif4.7 MB Figure S1. Light microscopy photographs of the holotype of Anolis electrum (UCMP68496). zoj12159-sup-0002-fig_s2.tif11.2 MB Figure S2. Light microscopy photographs of the paratype of Anolis electrum (UCMP68497). zoj12159-sup-0003-video_s1.mp41.2 MB Video S1. The hindlimb and abdomen of Anolis electrum (UCMP 68496) as revealed by HRXCT. zoj12159-sup-0004-video_s2.mp41.6 MB Video S2. The head, forelimbs and partial body of Anolis electrum (UCMP 68497) as revealed by HRXCT. zoj12159-sup-0005-si.docx72.5 KB Appendix S1. List of morphological synapomorphies supporting the sister relationship of Anolis electrum in each of the 14 optimal topologies (Fig. 3). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. References Castañeda MdR, de Queiroz K. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of the Dactyloa clade of Anolis lizards based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 784–800. Castañeda MdR, de Queiroz K. 2013. Phylogeny of the Dactyloa clade of Anolis lizards: new insights from combining morphological and molecular data. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 160: 345–398. 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