Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
A promenade in the tropics: the imperial palms between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 33; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/14601176.2013.796728
ISSN1943-2186
AutoresRoseli Maria Martins D’Elboux,
Tópico(s)Literature, Culture, and Criticism
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgementsI would like to acknowledge those who kindly made their photographic collection available to me: Mr. Ercio Molinari in Lorena; Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro; Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo, and Biblioteca Mario de Andrade, in São Paulo.Notes1. 1. Until 1960 Rio de Janeiro was the capital of Brazil. After the inauguration of Brasília, it became the capital of Rio de Janeiro State.2. 2. The Paraíba Valley is the region bounded by the Paraíba do Sul River, which rises near São Luis Paraitinga, runs through the eastern portion of the State of São Paulo, the northern portion of the State of Rio de Janeiro and finally empties into the Atlantic Ocean, near the city of Campos, still in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. What is now usually called the Rio–São Paulo axis refers to the part of the Paraíba Valley located between these two metropolitan areas. The area mentioned in this text refers to the portion of the valley in the State of São Paulo. It was the first region in that state, to cultivate and systemize coffee intensively from the mid-1820s.3. 3. São Paulo Province corresponds to the current State of São Paulo, located in the Southeastern region of Brazil, about 400 km West from Rio de Janeiro.4. 4. Lorena, a city with colonial origin, is located in the middle of Paraíba Valley, in the State of São Paulo.5. 5. São Paulo city, capital of São Paulo Province, current São Paulo State, is currently the richest and most populous city of South America. See Richard M. Morse, From Community to Metropolis (Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 1958).6. 6. D. João VI (1767–1826), Prince Regent of Portugal and Algarves, son of D. Maria I, was the King of Portugal between 1816 and 1826. Faced with the threat of Napoleonic invasion, he decided to transfer the Portuguese Court to Rio de Janeiro in order to defend his throne and not submit to Napoleon Bonaparte. The Portuguese fleet, escorted by the British arrived in Brazil on 7 March 1808.7. 7. D. Pedro II (1825–1891), second Brazilian Emperor, ruled between 1840 and 1889.8. 8. Carlos Sarthou, Relíquias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Atheneu S. A., 1965).9. 9. Warren Dean, ‘A Botânica e a política imperial: introdução e adaptação de plantas no Brasil Colonial e Imperial’, Estudos Avançados (June 2001), [s.p.], p. 7.10. 10. Harri Lorenzi, Hermes M. Souza, Judas T. Medeiros-Costa, Luiz Sergio C. Cerqueira and Nikolaus Von Behr, Palmeiras no Brasil (Nova Odessa (SP): Editora Plantarum, 1996), p. 276.11. 11. Carlos Sarthou, Relíquias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Atheneu S. A., 1965), p. 57.12. 12. Its trunk is displayed in the Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro [Botanical Museum of Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden]. Another specimen was planted in its place, which came to be known as Palma filia, according to the website Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro [Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro]. Available at: http://www.jbrj.gov.br/historic/palmater.htm (accessed on 30 July 2006).13. 13. Carlos Sarthou, Relíquias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Atheneu S. A., 1965), p. 57.14. 14. Carlos Sarthou, Relíquias da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Atheneu S. A., 1965), p. 57. ‘Reis’ was the monetary unit of Imperial period.15. 15. Harri Lorenzi, Hermes M. Souza, Judas T. Medeiros-Costa, Luiz Sergio C. Cerqueira and Nikolaus Von Behr, Palmeiras no Brasil (Nova Odessa (SP): Editora Plantarum, 1996), p. 276.16. 16. Alfred Byrd Graf, Tropica (East Rutherford, NJ: Rohers Co., 1986), pp. 801 & 1081.17. 17. Auguste Henry Victor Grandjean de Montigny (Paris, 1777 – Rio de Janeiro, 1850) studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and attended the Percier and Fontaine ateliers. He won the 1799 Prix de Rome, and once in the Italian capital, took part in the reform and adaptation of the Villa Medici, acquired by the French government to host the Italian branch of the French Académie. He was also responsible for the reform of the gardens of the same Villa. When he returned to Paris, he was appointed architect of Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia, having worked for him until the fall of Napoleon, when, unemployed, he decided to accept the invitation to join the French Artistic Mission that was going to Brazil. Soon after his arrival, he was assigned to the design of the Academy of Fine Arts [Academia de Belas-Artes], the work on which was started in 1817 and only completed in 1826. Grandjean de Montigny was responsible for the introduction of neoclassical architecture in Rio de Janeiro and his aim was to provide the city, elevated to the status of seat of Portuguese Court, with buildings up to its new status, thus becoming a true force in the symbolic construction of Rio de Janeiro. See Affonso D’Escragnole Taunay, A Missão Artística de 1816 (Brasilia: Editora Universidade de Brasilia, 1983) and Julio Bandeira, Pedro Martins Caldas Xexéo and Roberto Conduru, A Missão Francesa (Rio de Janeiro: Sextante, 2003).18. 18. Charles Ribeyrolles (18?? – Niterói, 1860), French journalist, republican, was deported to England after the Revolution of 1848 and from there moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1858, where he lived for two years and died in the city of Niterói. See Percival Tirapelli and Manoe Nunes da Silva, São paulo artes e etnias ([s.l.]: Unesp, 2007), 438 pp.19. 19. Charles Ribeyrolles, Brasil pitoresco (São Paulo: Ed. Itatiaia: Edusp, 1980), p. 193.20. 20. Elizabeth Cabot Cary, second wife of Louis Agassiz, a Swiss naturalist settled in the USA, accompanied him on his two trips to Brazil, preparing diaries from her and her husband notes. This text refers to the diary of the first trip. See: Louis Agassiz and Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz. A Journey to Brazil (Boston: Tricknor and Fields, 1862).21. 21. Louis Agassiz and Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz, A Journey to Brazil (Boston: Tricknor and Fields, 1862), p. 61. The scientific generic name Oreodoxa was replaced by Roystonea in the middle of twentieth century.22. 22. According to the collection O Rio de Janeiro de Juan Gutierrez, Museu Histórico Nacional, RJ.23. 23. Marc Ferrez (1843–1923), was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, into a family of artists that originally hailed from France with the Artistic Mission of 1816. After being educated in Paris, he returned to Brazil, where he began to photograph the urban landscape of Rio de Janeiro in the 1860s. He established his own studio in 1865 specializing in landscape photography. Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil, himself an amateur photographer and one of the wealthiest men in the 1800s, gave Ferrez money to photograph, which allowed him to flourish artistically. Eight years after Ferrez established a studio in Rio de Janeiro, a fire destroyed it. He traveled to France, purchased a new camera, and upon his return to Brazil began to focus on rural landscapes and images of slaves working on plantations. He joined an expedition of the Brazilian Geological Commission and became a master of the panoramic photograph, using a camera capable of taking a 180-degree view. He reestablished a studio, taught photography, and operated a photographic supply house. Throughout the 1870s and 1880s, Ferrez exhibited his photographs in the USA and Europe. In the latter decade he began to photograph architecture and street scenes and in 1907 opened the Pathé Cinema in Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=1473> (accessed on 10 August 2011).24. 24. See O BRASIL de Marc Ferrez (São Paulo: Instituto Moreira Salles, 2005), pp. 144–145.25. 25. Augusto Stahl (18?? – 18??), German photographer settled in Brazil. See Bia Corrêa do Lago, Augusto Stahl (Rio de Janeiro: Contra-capa Livraria: Ed. Capivara, 2001), p. 235.26. 26. See Carlos Eugenio Marcondes de Moura, O Visconde de Guaratinguetá (São Paulo: Studio Nobel, 2002), p. 104.27. 27. As the wealthy graced with titles were called due to their money having been derived from coffee production.28. 28. Currently Dr. Arnolfo de Azevedo Square, Baronesa de Santa Eulália Square and Viscondessa de Castro Lima Street, also known as ‘Palm Tree Street’.29. 29. Karl von Koseritz (1830–1890), a German, was in São Paulo for some time, leaving precious notes about the moment when the city had 20,000 inhabitants and was beginning to be transformed by the enrichment due to coffee production. See Percival Tirapelli and Manoel Nunes da Silva, São Paulo artes e etnias ([s.l.]: Unesp, 2007), p. 438.30. 30. Alfred Usteri(1869– ?), Swiss botanist, professor at University of São Paulo, who undertook several expeditions to the hinterlands of Brazil. In Bodo von Plato, Anthroposophie im 20 Lahrhundert (Dornach, Verlag am Goetheanum, 2003), p. 863; apud Bernardo Thomas Sixel, Como entender a Relação entre Planta e Planetas Uma Homenagem a Alfred Usteri (São Paulo: [s.n.], [s.d.]), available at www.biodinamica.org.br (accessed on 10 August 2011).31. 31. Eliane Guaraldo, Repertório e identidade: espaços públicos em São Paulo, 1890–1930. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, 2002, p. 49.32. 32. Carioca: a person or something from the city of Rio de Janeiro.33. 33. Eliane Guaraldo, op. cit., p. 49.34. 34. Eliane Guaraldo, op. cit., p. 49.
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