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EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION OF CALCITE CRYSTALS

1954; Geological Society of America; Volume: 65; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[883

1943-2674

Francis J. Turner, D. T. Griggs, Hugh C. Heard,

Mineralogy and Gemology Studies

Research Article| September 01, 1954 EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION OF CALCITE CRYSTALS FRANCIS J TURNER; FRANCIS J TURNER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar DAVID T GRIGGS; DAVID T GRIGGS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar HUGH HEARD HUGH HEARD UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information FRANCIS J TURNER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA DAVID T GRIGGS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA HUGH HEARD UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 24, CALIFORNIA; INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 06 Jan 1954 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Copyright © 1954, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. GSA Bulletin (1954) 65 (9): 883–934. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[883:EDOCC]2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 06 Jan 1954 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation FRANCIS J TURNER, DAVID T GRIGGS, HUGH HEARD; EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION OF CALCITE CRYSTALS. GSA Bulletin 1954;; 65 (9): 883–934. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1954)65[883:EDOCC]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract This paper reports the results of experimental plastic deformation of cylinders cut from single crystals of clear calcite. A wide range of crystallographic orientation in relation to compression or extension of cylinders is involved. Most experiments were conducted at 20°C and 5000 or 10,000 atmospheres confining pressure, or at 300°C and 5000 atmospheres. Temperatures of 150°C and 400°C were employed in a few additional cases. Shortening or extension of the whole cylinder ranges from 2 to 20 per cent; but in some extension experiments necking of the cylinder has locally increased the strain by a factor of 3 or 4. Stress-strain curves for typical experiments are given. Where the orientation permits, the dominant mechanism of deformation at all temperatures is twin gliding on ⁠. Cylinders so oriented that twin gliding cannot occur deform plastically by some alternative mechanism. At 20°C calcite is many times stronger when oriented unfavorably for twin gliding than when favorably oriented; but with rising temperature this difference in strength rapidly diminishes. Analysis of stress-strain data for variously oriented crystals at 300°C points to translation gliding on as the alternative mechanism to twin gliding on ⁠. However, no satisfactory correlation of stress-strain data for 20°C could be established on the basis of this or any other simple glide system.An independent approach to the problem is based on analyses of rotational effects observed microscopically in thin sections of the deformed material. Deformed sectors (e.g., kink bands) in the cylinder are found to be externally rotated about an axis parallel to the glide plane and normal to the glide line of the active system. At the same time, early-formed lamellae (such as twin lamellae) become internally rotated within the deformed crystal, the axis of rotation being the intersection of the glide plane and the rotated lamella. The senses of internal and external rotation in a given sector of the crystal are mutually opposed, and for a given glide plane each can be deduced for a given stress system. Analysis of directions and amounts of internal and external rotation in many instances leads to unique identification of the active glide system. The glide systems so identified include (1) twin gliding on ⁠, parallel to the edge (2) translation gliding on parallel to the edge ⁠, effective at all temperatures; (3) translation gliding on ⁠, parallel to the edge ⁠, effective at low temperatures. Translation gliding on in the sense opposite to that of twin gliding is discarded as a possible mechanism of deformation; there is likewise no evidence of gliding on {0001}.Visible effects of deformation (lamellae, partings, deformation bands, kink bands, etc.) for individual experiments embracing the complete range of orientation are described in detail and illustrated by photographs, line drawings, and projections. The criteria by which various kinds of internally rotated lamellae may be recognized are summarized (Table 6), and the possible applications of our conclusions in interpreting the fabric of an experimentally deformed multicrystalline aggregate—Yule marble—are discussed. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.