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BIBTEX RIS

Efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in Latin American infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study

2008; Elsevier BV; Volume: 371; Issue: 9619 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60524-3

1474-547X

Alexandre C. Linhares, F. Raúl Velázquez, Irene Pérez‐Schael, Xavier Sáez‐Llorens, Héctor Abate, Félix Espinoza, Pío López, Mercedes Macías-Parra, Eduardo Ortega‐Barría, Doris Maribel Rivera-Medina, Luis Rivera, Noris Pavía-Ruz, Ernesto Martín Núñez, Silvia Damaso, Guillermo M. Ruiz‐Palacios, Béatrice De Vos, Miguel O’Ryan, Paul Gillard, Alain Bouckenooghe,

Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology

Summary Background Peak incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is seen in infants between 6 and 24 months of age. We therefore aimed to assess the 2-year efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe gastroenteritis in infants. Methods 15 183 healthy infants aged 6–13 weeks from ten Latin American countries randomly assigned in a 1 to 1 ratio to receive two oral doses of RIX4414 or placebo at about 2 and 4 months of age in a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study were followed up until about 2 years of age. Primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy from 2 weeks after dose two until 1 year of age. Treatment allocation was concealed from investigators and parents of participating infants. Efficacy follow-up for gastroenteritis episodes was undertaken from 2 weeks after dose two until about 2 years of age. Analysis was according to protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00140673 (eTrack444563–023). Findings 897 infants were excluded from the according-to-protocol analysis. Fewer cases (p<0·0001) of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis were recorded for the combined 2-year period in the RIX4414 group (32 [0·4%] of 7205; 95% CI 0·3–0·6) than in the placebo group (161 [2·3%] of 7081; 1·9–2·6), resulting in a vaccine efficacy of 80·5% (71·3–87·1) to 82·1% (64·6–91·9) against wild-type G1, 77·5% (64·7–86·2) against pooled non-G1 strains, and 80·5% (67·9–88·8) against pooled non-G1 P[8] strains. Vaccine efficacy for hospital admission for rotavirus gastroenteritis was 83·0% (73·1–89·7) and for admission for diarrhoea of any cause was 39·3% (29·1–48·1). No cases of intussusception were reported during the second year of follow-up. Interpretation Two doses of RIX4414 were effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in a Latin American setting. Inclusion of RIX4414 in routine paediatric immunisations should reduce the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis worldwide. Funding GlaxoSmithKline.