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Combined ART started during acute HIV infection protects central memory CD4+ T cells and can induce remission

2015; Oxford University Press; Volume: 70; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/jac/dkv084

1460-2091

Antoine Chéret, Charline Bacchus-Souffan, Véronique Avettand-Fènoël, Adeline Mélard, Georges Nembot, Catherine Blanc, Assia Samri, Asier Sáez‐Cirión, Laurent Hocqueloux, Caroline Lascoux‐Combe, Clotilde Allavena, Cécile Goujard, Marc Antoine Valantin, A. Leplatois, Laurence Meyer, Christine Rouzioux, Brigitte Autran, Bruno Hoën, Christophe Bourdeaux, Jean‐François Delfraissy, Cécile Goujard, I. Amri, Erwan Fourn, Yann Quertainmont, M.Leonard Mole, A. Rami, A. Durel, Myriam Diemer, Maguy Parrinello, Thierry Allègre, Alain Lafeuillade, Gilles Hittinger, Véronique Lambry, M. Carrerre, G. Stevenson Philip, Claudine Duvivier, Paul‐Henri Consigny, Caroline Charlier, Maryam Shoai, F. Touam, G. Pialoux, Laurence Slama, Thomas L’Yavanc, Philippe Mathurin, Asma Adda, V Berrebi, Dominique Salmon, E. Chakvetadze, T. Tassadit, E. Ousseima, M.P. Pietri, Yaniv Levy, Anne Sophie Lascaux, Jean‐Daniel Lelièvre, M. Giovanna, S. Dominguez, Clément Dumont, Christine Katlama, M. A. Valentin, Sophie Seang, Lars Schneider, N. Kiorza, Aziza Chermak, Saoussen Ben Abdallah, Anne Simon, F. Pichon, Michèle Pauchard, Jean‐Michel Molina, C. Lascoux, Diane Ponscarme, Nathalie Verdière, Anne Scemla, N. De Castro, A. Rachline, Valérie Garrait, W. Rozenbaum, Samuel Ferret, Suna Balkan, F Clavel, Mathieu Tourdjman, Matthieu Lafaurie, Alexandre Aslan, Jérôme Goguel, S. Thierry, Victoire de Lastours, S. Gallien, J. Pavie, Jonathan Delgado, C. Mededji, R. Verón, Sylvie Abel, S. Pierre-François, C. Baringhton, J.M. Chennebault, Yves-Marie Vandamme, P Fialaire, Sami Rehaiem, V. Rabier, P. Abgueguen, P. Morlat, M.A. Vandenhende, Noëlle Bernard, D. Lacoste, C. Michaux, F. Paccalin, M. C. Receveur, S. Caldato, J. Delaune, J. M. Ragnaud, D. Neau, L. Lacaze-Buzy, J. M. Livrozet, François Jeanblanc, Djamila Makhloufi, F. Brunel Dalmas, Jean-Pierre Jourdain, Pierre Chiarello, P. Yéni, Bao-Chau Phung, C. Rioux, C. Godard, F Louni, Neila Talbi, Glenn Catalano, F. Guiroy, J. Reynes, Jean‐Marc Jacquet, V. Fauchere, Corinne Merle, V. Lemoine, M. Loriette, David Morquin, Alain Makinson, N. Atoui, Christine Tramoni, François Raffi, Clotilde Allavena, Benjamin Bonnet, S. Bouchez, Nicolas Feuillebois, C. Brunet‐François, V. Reliquet, O. Mounoury, P. Morineau-Le-Houssine, E. Billaud, D. Brosseau, H Hüe, P. Dellamonica, Michael Vassallo, A. Leplatois, J Durant, A. Naqvi, A. Joulié, Faouzi Souala, Claude Michelet, C. Arvieux, P. Tattevin, Hélène Leroy, Matthieu Revest, F. Fily, J.-M. Chapplain, C. M. Ratajczak, Gabriel Gras, L. Bernard, J. F. Dailloux, V. Laplantine, L. Cuzin, B. Marchou, S. Larrigue, Marie Chauveau, Florence Balsarin, Martine Obadia, Antoine Chéret, S. Bonne, T. Huleux, F. Ajana, I. Alcaraz, V. Baclet, H. Melliez, N. Viget, X. de la Tribonnière, E. Aissi, Julien Poissy, Isabelle Ravaux, Amanda Vallon, M. Varan, T. May, L. Letranchant, C. Burty, A. Briaud, S. Wassoumbou, M. Stenzel, M P Bouillon, Yasmine Debab, F. Caron, I. Gueït, C. Chapuzet, Franck Lebas, Manuel Etienne, Patrick Miailhes, T. Perpoint, A. Sénéchal, I. Schlienger, L Cotte, C Normand, A. Boibieux, Tristan Ferry, Nadia Corsini, E. Braun, J. Lippran, F Biron, C. Chidiac, Sophie Pailhes, Jeffrey Lipman, E. Braun, J. Koffi, V. Thoirain, Céline Brochier‐Armanet, A. Greder Belan, A. Therby, Sylvie Monnier, M. Ruquet, Valérie Garrait, L. Richier, François Prevoteau du Clary, Patrick Philibert, C. Chapus, André Cabié, Sylvie Abel,

Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Abstract Background Therapeutic control of HIV replication reduces the size of the viral reservoir, particularly among central memory CD4+ T cells, and this effect might be accentuated by early treatment. Methods We examined the effect of ART initiated at the time of the primary HIV infection (early ART), lasting 2 and 6 years in 11 and 10 patients, respectively, on the HIV reservoir in peripheral resting CD4+ T cells, sorted into naive (TN), central memory (TCM), transitional memory (TTM) and effector memory (TEM) cells, by comparison with 11 post-treatment controllers (PTCs). Results Between baseline and 2 years, CD4+ T cell subset numbers increased markedly (P < 0.004) and HIV DNA levels decreased in all subsets (P < 0.009). TTM cells represented the majority of reservoir cells at both timepoints, T cell activation status normalized and viral diversity remained stable over time. The HIV reservoir was smaller after 6 years of early ART than after 2 years (P < 0.019), and did not differ between PTCs and patients treated for 6 years. One patient, who had low reservoir levels in all T cell subsets after 2 years of treatment similar to the levels in PTCs, spontaneously controlled viral replication during 18 months off treatment. Conclusions Early prolonged ART thus limits the size of the HIV reservoir, protects long-lived cells from persistent infection and may enhance post-treatment control.