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Better Colon Cancer Care for Extremely Poor Canadian Women Compared with American Women

2013; Oxford University Press; Volume: 38; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/hsw/hlt022

1545-6854

Kevin M. Gorey, Isaac Luginaah, Emma Bartfay, Guangyong Zou, Sundus Haji-Jama, Eric J. Holowaty, Caroline Hamm, Sindu Kanjeekal, Frances C. Wright, Madhan K Balagurusamy, Nancy L. Richter,

Global Cancer Incidence and Screening

Journal Article Better Colon Cancer Care for Extremely Poor Canadian Women Compared with American Women Get access Kevin M. Gorey, Kevin M. Gorey Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. e-mail: gorey@uwindsor.ca. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Isaac N. Luginaah, Isaac N. Luginaah Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emma Bartfay, Emma Bartfay Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GuangYong Zou, GuangYong Zou Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sundus Haji-Jama, Sundus Haji-Jama Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eric J. Holowaty, Eric J. Holowaty Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Caroline Hamm, Caroline Hamm Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sindu M. Kanjeekal, Sindu M. Kanjeekal Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frances C. Wright, Frances C. Wright Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Madhan K. Balagurusamy, Madhan K. Balagurusamy Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ... Show more Nancy L. Richter Nancy L. Richter Kevin M. Gorey, PhD, MSW, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada; Isaac N. Luginaah, PhD, is associate professor, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Emma Bartfay, PhD, is associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; GuangYong Zou, PhD, is associate professor and scientist, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, and Robarts Research Institute, Canada; Sundus Haji-Jama, BA, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; Eric J. Holowaty, MD, is professor, Dalla Lama School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Caroline Hamm, MD, is medical oncologist and assistant professor, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, and School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Sindu M. Kanjeekal, MD, is hematologist and medical oncologist, Windsor Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada; Frances C. Wright, MD, is surgical oncologist and associate professor, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario; Madhan K. Balagurusamy, MSc, is research associate, and Nancy L. Richter, MSW, LCSW-R, is research associate, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The authors gratefully acknowledge the administrative and logistical assistance of Kurt Snipes, Janet Bates, and Gretchen Agha of the Cancer Surveillance and Research Branch, California Department of Public Health. They also gratefully acknowledge the research, technical, and administrative assistance of Mark Allen, Allyn Fernandez-Ami, and Arti Parikh-Patel of the California Cancer Registry, and Charles Sagoe, who was with Cancer Care Ontario at the time that this study's database was created. This study was supported in part with funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 67161-2). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under Contract HHSN261201000140C awarded to the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Contract HHSN261201000035C awarded to the University of Southern California, and Contract HHSN261201000034C awarded to the Public Health Institute; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries, under Agreement U58DP003862-01 awarded to the California Department of Public Health. This study was also supported through provision of data by Cancer Care Ontario (CCO). The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and endorsement by CCO, the State of California, the Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their contractors and subcontractors are not intended nor should they be inferred. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health & Social Work, Volume 38, Issue 4, November 2013, Pages 240–248, https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlt022 Published: 30 October 2013 Article history Received: 23 May 2013 Revision received: 28 June 2013 Accepted: 08 July 2013 Published: 30 October 2013