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Understanding and predicting the dynamics of tokamak discharges during startup and rampdown

2010; American Institute of Physics; Volume: 17; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1063/1.3374242

1527-2419

G.L. Jackson, Peter Politzer, D.A. Humphreys, T. A. Casper, A.W. Hyatt, J.A. Leuer, J. Lohr, T. C. Luce, M. A. Van Zeeland, J.H. Yu,

Particle accelerators and beam dynamics

Understanding the dynamics of plasma startup and termination is important for present tokamaks and for predictive modeling of future burning plasma devices such as ITER. We report on experiments in the DIII-D tokamak that explore the plasma startup and rampdown phases and on the benchmarking of transport models. Key issues have been examined such as plasma initiation and burnthrough with limited inductive voltage and achieving flattop and maximum burn within the technical limits of coil systems and their actuators while maintaining the desired q profile. Successful rampdown requires scenarios consistent with technical limits, including controlled H-L transitions, while avoiding vertical instabilities, additional Ohmic transformer flux consumption, and density limit disruptions. Discharges were typically initiated with an inductive electric field typical of ITER, 0.3 V/m, most with second harmonic electron cyclotron assist. A fast framing camera was used during breakdown and burnthrough of low Z impurity charge states to study the formation physics. An improved “large aperture” ITER startup scenario was developed, and aperture reduction in rampdown was found to be essential to avoid instabilities. Current evolution using neoclassical conductivity in the CORSICA code agrees with rampup experiments, but the prediction of the temperature and internal inductance evolution using the Coppi–Tang model for electron energy transport is not yet accurate enough to allow extrapolation to future devices.