Chlamydia pneumoniae, Strain TWAR
1989; Elsevier BV; Volume: 95; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1378/chest.95.3.664
ISSN1931-3543
Autores Tópico(s)Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
ResumoThis article will summarize information about Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR under the following headings: (1) microbiology and classification, (2) laboratory diagnosis, (3) clinical diseases, (4) antibiotic sensitivity and treatment and (5) epidemiology. A complete up-to-date bibliography is included. 1 Saikku P Wang SP Kleemola M Brander E Rusanen E Grayston JT An epidemic of mild pneumonia due to an unusual Chlamydia psittaci strain. J Infect Dis. 1985; 151: 832-839 Crossref PubMed Scopus (205) Google Scholar , 2 Grayston JT Kuo CC Wang SP Altman J A new Chlamydia psittaci strain called TWAR from acute respiratory tract infections. N Engl J Med. 1986; 315: 161-168 Crossref PubMed Scopus (558) Google Scholar , 3 Grayston JT Kuo CC Wang SP Cooney MK Altman J Marrie TJ et al. Clinical findings in TWAR respiratory tract infections. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 337 Google Scholar , 4 Wang SP Grayston JT Microimmunofluorescence serological studies with the TWAR organism. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 329 Google Scholar , 5 Mordhorst CH Wang SP Grayston JT Epidemic 'ornithosis' and TWAR infection, Denmark 1976-85. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 325 Google Scholar , 6 Kuo CC Chen HH Wang SP Grayston JT Characterization of TWAR strains: a new group of Chlamydia psittaci. in: Oriel JD Chlamydia infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 321 Google Scholar , 7 Saikku P Visakorpi R Kleemola M Wang SP Grayston JT Chlamydia psittaci TWAR-strains as a frequent cause of military pneumonia epidemics in Finland. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 333 Google Scholar , 8 Kuo CC Chen HH Wang SP Grayston JT Identification of a new group of Chlamydia psittaci strains called TWAR. J Clin Microbiol. 1986; 24: 1034-1037 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 9 Marrie TJ Grayston JT Wang SP Kuo CC Pneumonia associated with the TWAR strain of Chlamydia.. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106: 507-511 Crossref PubMed Scopus (163) Google Scholar , 10 Chi EY Kuo CC Grayston JT Unique ultrastructure in the elementary body of Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR. J Bacteriol. 1987; 169: 3757-3763 Crossref PubMed Scopus (58) Google Scholar , 11 Campbell LA Kuo CC Grayston JT Characterization of the new Chlamydia agent, TWAR, as a unique organism by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA:DNA hybridization. J Clin Microbiol. 1987; 25: 1911-1916 PubMed Google Scholar , 12 Groenhagen-Riska C Saikku P Riska H Froeseth B Grayston JT Antibodies to TWAR—a novel type of Chlamydia in sarcoidosis. in: Grassi C Rizzato G Pozzi E Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands1988: 297 Google Scholar , 13 Kleemola M Saikku P Visakorpi R Wang SP Grayston JT Epidemics of pneumonia caused by TWAR, a new Chlamydia organism, in military trainees in Finland. J Infect Dis. 1988; 157: 230-236 Crossref PubMed Scopus (184) Google Scholar , 14 Kuo CC Grayston JT In vitro drug susceptibility of Chlamydia TWAR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988; 32: 257-258 Crossref PubMed Scopus (70) Google Scholar , 15 Grayston JT TWAR: a newly discovered Chlamydia organism that causes acute respiratory tract infections. Infect Med. 1988; 5: 215-223 Google Scholar , 16 Kuo CC Grayston JT Factors affecting the viability and the growth in HeLa 229 cells of the TWAR strain of Chlamydia.. J Clin Microbiol. 1988; 26: 812-815 PubMed Google Scholar , 17 Kuo CC Chi EY Grayston JT Ultrastructural study of entry of Chlamydia TWAR into HeLa cells. Infect Immunol. 1988; 56: 1668-1672 PubMed Google Scholar , 18 Ekman MR, Saikku P, Kleemola M. Visakorpi R, Kuo CC, Grayston JT. Mild and asymptomatic respiratory infections with Chlamydia TWAR during a military pneumonia epidemic. Proceedings of the First Conference of the European Society for Chlamydia Research. Bologna, Italy: Societa Editrice Esculapio, 1988;56 Google Scholar , 19 Cox RL Kuo CC Grayston JT Campbell LA Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness of Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR to Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci.. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1988; 38: 265-268 Crossref Scopus (65) Google Scholar , 20 Kuo CC, Grayston JT. Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR: a newly recognized organism associated with atypical pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Clin Microbiol Newsletter. (in press) Google Scholar , 21 Saikku P Ruutu P Leinonen M Panelius J Tupasi TE Grayston JT Acute lower respiratory tract infection in Filipino children associated with Chlamydia TWAR antibody. J Infect Dis. 1988; 158: 1095-1097 Crossref PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar , 22 Grayston JT Wang SP Kuo CC Current knowledge of Chlamydia TWAR, an important cause of pneumonia and other acute respiratory diseases. Current topics in infectious diseases. Bayer Centenary Symposium. Viewing Publishing House, Munich; Germany1988 Google Scholar , 23 Grayston JT, Diwan VK, Cooney M, Wang SP Community and hospital acquired pneumonia associated with Chlamydia TWAR infection demonstrated serologically. Arch Intern Med (in press) Google Scholar , 24 Grayston JT, Kuo CC, Campbell LA, Wang SP Chlamydia pneumoniae sp. nov. for Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR. Int J Syst Bacteriol (in press) Google Scholar , 25 Beaty CD, Grayston JT, Wang SP, Kuo CC, Reto CS, Martin TR. TWAR infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, May 1988 Google Scholar , 26 Fang GD, Fine MJ, Orloff JJ, Yu VL, Grayston JT, Wang SP, et al. Community acquired pneumonia with emphasis on legionella and TWAR: a prospective multicenter study of 359 cases (Abstract). American Society for Microbiology Annual meeting, May 1988;339 Google Scholar This article will summarize information about Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR under the following headings: (1) microbiology and classification, (2) laboratory diagnosis, (3) clinical diseases, (4) antibiotic sensitivity and treatment and (5) epidemiology. A complete up-to-date bibliography is included. 1 Saikku P Wang SP Kleemola M Brander E Rusanen E Grayston JT An epidemic of mild pneumonia due to an unusual Chlamydia psittaci strain. J Infect Dis. 1985; 151: 832-839 Crossref PubMed Scopus (205) Google Scholar , 2 Grayston JT Kuo CC Wang SP Altman J A new Chlamydia psittaci strain called TWAR from acute respiratory tract infections. N Engl J Med. 1986; 315: 161-168 Crossref PubMed Scopus (558) Google Scholar , 3 Grayston JT Kuo CC Wang SP Cooney MK Altman J Marrie TJ et al. Clinical findings in TWAR respiratory tract infections. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 337 Google Scholar , 4 Wang SP Grayston JT Microimmunofluorescence serological studies with the TWAR organism. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 329 Google Scholar , 5 Mordhorst CH Wang SP Grayston JT Epidemic 'ornithosis' and TWAR infection, Denmark 1976-85. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 325 Google Scholar , 6 Kuo CC Chen HH Wang SP Grayston JT Characterization of TWAR strains: a new group of Chlamydia psittaci. in: Oriel JD Chlamydia infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 321 Google Scholar , 7 Saikku P Visakorpi R Kleemola M Wang SP Grayston JT Chlamydia psittaci TWAR-strains as a frequent cause of military pneumonia epidemics in Finland. in: Oriel JD Chlamydial infections. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England1986: 333 Google Scholar , 8 Kuo CC Chen HH Wang SP Grayston JT Identification of a new group of Chlamydia psittaci strains called TWAR. J Clin Microbiol. 1986; 24: 1034-1037 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 9 Marrie TJ Grayston JT Wang SP Kuo CC Pneumonia associated with the TWAR strain of Chlamydia.. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 106: 507-511 Crossref PubMed Scopus (163) Google Scholar , 10 Chi EY Kuo CC Grayston JT Unique ultrastructure in the elementary body of Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR. J Bacteriol. 1987; 169: 3757-3763 Crossref PubMed Scopus (58) Google Scholar , 11 Campbell LA Kuo CC Grayston JT Characterization of the new Chlamydia agent, TWAR, as a unique organism by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA:DNA hybridization. J Clin Microbiol. 1987; 25: 1911-1916 PubMed Google Scholar , 12 Groenhagen-Riska C Saikku P Riska H Froeseth B Grayston JT Antibodies to TWAR—a novel type of Chlamydia in sarcoidosis. in: Grassi C Rizzato G Pozzi E Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands1988: 297 Google Scholar , 13 Kleemola M Saikku P Visakorpi R Wang SP Grayston JT Epidemics of pneumonia caused by TWAR, a new Chlamydia organism, in military trainees in Finland. J Infect Dis. 1988; 157: 230-236 Crossref PubMed Scopus (184) Google Scholar , 14 Kuo CC Grayston JT In vitro drug susceptibility of Chlamydia TWAR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988; 32: 257-258 Crossref PubMed Scopus (70) Google Scholar , 15 Grayston JT TWAR: a newly discovered Chlamydia organism that causes acute respiratory tract infections. Infect Med. 1988; 5: 215-223 Google Scholar , 16 Kuo CC Grayston JT Factors affecting the viability and the growth in HeLa 229 cells of the TWAR strain of Chlamydia.. J Clin Microbiol. 1988; 26: 812-815 PubMed Google Scholar , 17 Kuo CC Chi EY Grayston JT Ultrastructural study of entry of Chlamydia TWAR into HeLa cells. Infect Immunol. 1988; 56: 1668-1672 PubMed Google Scholar , 18 Ekman MR, Saikku P, Kleemola M. Visakorpi R, Kuo CC, Grayston JT. Mild and asymptomatic respiratory infections with Chlamydia TWAR during a military pneumonia epidemic. Proceedings of the First Conference of the European Society for Chlamydia Research. Bologna, Italy: Societa Editrice Esculapio, 1988;56 Google Scholar , 19 Cox RL Kuo CC Grayston JT Campbell LA Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness of Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR to Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci.. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1988; 38: 265-268 Crossref Scopus (65) Google Scholar , 20 Kuo CC, Grayston JT. Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR: a newly recognized organism associated with atypical pneumonia and other respiratory infections. Clin Microbiol Newsletter. (in press) Google Scholar , 21 Saikku P Ruutu P Leinonen M Panelius J Tupasi TE Grayston JT Acute lower respiratory tract infection in Filipino children associated with Chlamydia TWAR antibody. J Infect Dis. 1988; 158: 1095-1097 Crossref PubMed Scopus (85) Google Scholar , 22 Grayston JT Wang SP Kuo CC Current knowledge of Chlamydia TWAR, an important cause of pneumonia and other acute respiratory diseases. Current topics in infectious diseases. Bayer Centenary Symposium. Viewing Publishing House, Munich; Germany1988 Google Scholar , 23 Grayston JT, Diwan VK, Cooney M, Wang SP Community and hospital acquired pneumonia associated with Chlamydia TWAR infection demonstrated serologically. Arch Intern Med (in press) Google Scholar , 24 Grayston JT, Kuo CC, Campbell LA, Wang SP Chlamydia pneumoniae sp. nov. for Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR. Int J Syst Bacteriol (in press) Google Scholar , 25 Beaty CD, Grayston JT, Wang SP, Kuo CC, Reto CS, Martin TR. TWAR infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting, May 1988 Google Scholar , 26 Fang GD, Fine MJ, Orloff JJ, Yu VL, Grayston JT, Wang SP, et al. Community acquired pneumonia with emphasis on legionella and TWAR: a prospective multicenter study of 359 cases (Abstract). American Society for Microbiology Annual meeting, May 1988;339 Google Scholar
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