Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Late Quaternary environments in the Nile and Darling basins

1986; Wiley; Volume: 24; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1467-8470.1986.tb00516.x

1467-8470

Martin Williams, Donald Adamson, Joann Baxter,

Geological and Geophysical Studies

Australian Geographical StudiesVolume 24, Issue 1 p. 128-144 Late Quaternary environments in the Nile and Darling basins M. A. J. WILLIAMS, M. A. J. WILLIAMS Department of Geography and Cenozoic Research Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168; School of Biological SciencesSearch for more papers by this authorD. A. ADAMSON, D. A. ADAMSON Quaternary Research Unit, Macquarie University, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113; Department of GeographySearch for more papers by this authorJ. T. BAXTER, J. T. BAXTER Cenozoic Research Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168.Search for more papers by this author M. A. J. WILLIAMS, M. A. J. WILLIAMS Department of Geography and Cenozoic Research Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168; School of Biological SciencesSearch for more papers by this authorD. A. ADAMSON, D. A. ADAMSON Quaternary Research Unit, Macquarie University, North Ryde, N.S.W. 2113; Department of GeographySearch for more papers by this authorJ. T. BAXTER, J. T. BAXTER Cenozoic Research Unit, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1986.tb00516.xCitations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES Adamson, D. A. 1982: The integrated Nile, in M. A. J. Williams and H. Faure (eds), The Sahara and the Nile, Rotterdam , Balkema, 221– 34. Adamson, D. A., Gasse, F., Street, F. A. and Williams, M. A. J. 1980: Late Quaternary history of the Nile, Nature 288, 50– 5. Adamson, D. A., Gillespie, R. and Williams, M. A. J. 1982: Palaeogeography of the Gezira and of the lower Blue and White Nile valleys, in M. A. J. Williams and D. A. Adamson (eds), A Land Between Two Niles: Quaternary Geology and Biology of the Central Sudan, Rotterdam , Balkema, 165– 219. Alam, M. A. 1983: Sedimentology and stratigraphic implications of a major inland distributive fluvial system: Castlereagh drainage basin, New South Wales, unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Geology, Australian National University. Ananthakrishnan, R. and Parthasarathy, B. 1984: Indian rainfall in relation to the sunspot cycle, 1871–1978, Journal of Climatology 4, 149– 69. Anon 1971: Discharge of Selected Rivers of the World, Paris , UNESCO. Arkell, A. J. 1949: Early Khartoum, London , Oxford University Press. Arkell, A. J. 1953: Shaheinab, London , Oxford University Press., Median Annual Rainfall map, Canberra , Division of National Mapping. Badri, Omerel 1972: Sediment transport and deposition in the Blue Nile at Khartoum, flood seasons 1967, 1968 and 1969, unpublished MSc thesis, University of Khartoum. Baker, Samuel 1866: The Albert N'Yanza. Great Basin of the Nile and Explorations of the Nile Sources, London , Sidgwick and Jackson, (reprinted). Barnett, T. P. 1984: Interaction of the monsoon and Pacific trade wind system at interannual time scales. Part III: A partial anatomy of the Southern Oscillation, Monthly Weather Review, 112, 2388– 400. Berlage, H. P. 1957: Fluctuations of the general atmospheric circulation of more than one year, their nature and prognostic value, Medelingen en Verhandelingen 69, en Nederlands Meteorologisch Institut, De Bilt.. Bliss, E. W. 1925: The Nile flood and world weather, Memoirs Royal Meteorlogical Society. 1, 79– 85. Bowler, J. M. 1978a: Glacial age aeoiian events at high and low latitudes: a Southern Hemisphere perspective, in E. M. Zinderen Bakker (ed.), Antarctic Glacial History and World Palaeoenvironments, Rotterdam , Balkema, 149– 72. Bowler, J. M. 1978b: Quaternary climate and tectonics in the evolution of the Riverine Plain, southeastern Australia, in J. L. Davies and M. A. J. Williams (eds), Landform Evolution in Australasia, Canberra , Australian National University Press, 70– 112. Bowler, J. M. 1983: Figure 4b in J. M. A. Chappell and A. Grindrod (eds), CL1MANZ Conference, 1981, Department of Biogeography and Geomorphology, Canberra , Australian National University 48– 50. Bowler, J. M. and Hamada, T. 1971: Late Quaternary stratigraphy and radiocarbon chronology of water level fluctuation in Lake Keilambete, Victoria, Nature 237, 330– 32. Bowler, J. M., Hope, G. S., Jennings, J. N., Singh, G. and Walker, D. 1976: Late Quaternary climates of Australia and New Guinea, Quaternary Research 6, 359– 94. Bowler, J. M., Stockton, E. and Walker, M. J. 1978: Quaternary stratigraphy of the Darling River near Tilpa, New South Wales, Proceedings Royal Society of Victoria, 90, 79– 88. Butzer, K. W. 1980a: Pleistocene history of the Nile valley in Egypt and lower Nubia, in M. A. J. Williams and H. Faure, The Sahara and the Nile, Rotterdam , Balkema, 253– 80. Butzer, K. W. 1980b: The Holocene lake plain of North Rudolf, East Africa, Physical Geography 1, 42– 58. Butzer, K. W. 1983: Human response to environmental change in the perspective of future, global climate, Quaternary Research 19, 279– 92. Butzer, K. W. and Hansen, C. L. 1968: Desert and River in Nubia. Geomorphology and Prehistoric Environments at the Aswan Reservoir, Madison , University of Wisconsin Press. Butzer, K. W., Isaac, G. L., Richardson, J. L. and Washbourn-Kamau, C. 1972: Radiocarbon dating of East African lake levels, Science 175, 1069– 76. Callen, R. A. 1976: Tentative correlation of onshore and lacustrine stratigraphy. Lake Frome area, Bureau of Mineral Resources Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 1, 248– 50. Coventry, R. J. 1976: Abandoned shorelines and the Late Quaternary history of Lake George, New South Wales, Journal of the Geological Society Australia 23, 249– 73. Coventry, R. J. and Walker, P. H. 1977: Geomorphological significance of Late Quaternary deposits of the Lake George area, N.S.W, Australian Geographer 13, 369– 76. Davies, J. L. 1972: Geographical Variation in Coastal Development, London , Longmans. De Deckker, P. 1982: Holocene ostracods, other invertebrates and fish remains from cores of four maar lakes in southeastern Australia, Proceedings Royal Society of Victoria 94, 183– 220. Dodson, J. R. 1974a: Vegetation and climatic history near Lake Keilambete, Western Victoria, Australian Journal of Botany 22, 709– 17. Dodson, J. R. 1974b: Vegetation history and water fluctuations at Lake Leake, south-eastern South Australia. I. 10,000 B.P. to present, Australian Journal of Botany 22, 179– 41. Dodson, J. R. 1975: Vegetation history and water fluctuations at Lake Leake, south-eastern South Australia. II. 50,000 B.P. to 10,000 B.P Australian Journal of Botany 23, 815– 31. Draper, J.J. and Jensen, A. R. 1976: The geochemistry of Lake Frome, a playa lake in South Australia, Bureau of Mineral Resources Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 1, 83– 104. Durand, A., Fontes, J.-C, Gasse, F., Icole, M. and Lang, J. 1984: Le nord-ouest du Lac Chad au Quaternaire: étude de paléoenvironnements alluviaux, éoliens, palustres et Iacustres, Palaeoecology of Africa 16, 215– 43. Edmunds, W. M. and Wright, E. P. 1979: Groundwater recharge and palaeoclimate in the Sirte and Kufra basins, Libya, Journal of Hydrology 40, 215– 41. Fairbridge, R. W. 1962: New radiocarbon dates of Nile sediments. Nature 196, 108– 10. Fairbridge, R. W. 1970: World palaeochmatology of the Quaternary, Revue de Géographie Physique et de Géologie Dynamique 12(2), 97– 104. Faure, H. 1966: Evolution des grands lacs sahariens à 1Holocène, Quaternaria 8, 167– 75. Flenley, J. 1979: The Equatorial Rain Forest: a geological history, London , Butterworths. Gabriel, B. and Kröpelin, S. 1983: Jungquartäre limnische Akkumulationsphasen im NW-Sudan, Zeitschrift Geomorphologie 48, 131– 43. Gabriel, B. and Kröpelin, S. 1984: Holocene lake deposits in northwest Sudan, Palaeoecology of Africa 16, 295– 9. Gasse, F. 1975: Lévolution des lacs de l'Afar central (Ethiopie et T.F.A.I.) du Plio-Pléistocene à l'Actuel, unpublished thésis, Docteur ès Sciences Naturelles, University of Paris. Gasse, F. 1977: Evolution of Lake Abhe (Ethiopia and T.F.A.I.) from 70,000 B.P, Nature 265 42– 5. Green, A. A., Whitehouse, G. and Outhet, D. 1983: Causes of flood streamlines observed on Landsat images and their use as indicators of floodways, International Journal of Remote Sensing 4, 5– 16. Greenwood, P. W. 1982: Late Quaternary environmental change in north-eastern New South Wales: Evidence from Lake Goran and the Barrington Tops, unpublished MSc Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Sydney. Hamilton, A. C. 1982: Environmental History of East Africa: A Study of the Quaternary, London , Academic Press. Harvey, C. P. D. and Grove, A. T. 1982: A prehistoric source of the Nile, Geographical Journal 148, 327– 36. Hastenrath, S. and Kutzbach, J. 1983: Paleoclimatic estimates from water and energy budgets of East African lakes, Quaternary Research 9, 141– 53. Hope, J. H., Dare-Edwards, A. and Mclntyre, M. L. 1983: Middens and megafauna: stratigraphy and dating of Lake Tandou lunette, western New South Wales, Archaeology in Oceania 18, 38– 45. Hull, E. 1896: Observations on the geology of the Nile Valley and on the evidence of the greater volume of the river at a former period, Quarterly Journal Geological Society of London 52, 308– 19. Hurst, H. E. 1951 and 1957: The Nile: A General Account of the River and the Utilization of its Waters, London , Constable ( 1st and 2nd editions). Hurst, H. E. and Phillips, P. 1931: The Nile Basin. Vol. 1: General Description of the Basin, Cairo , Physical Department Paper 1, Government Press. Hurst, H. E. and Phillips, P. 1933a: The Nile Basin. Vol. III. Ten-day mean and monthly mean gauge readings of the Nile and its tributaries, Cairo , Physical Department Government Press. Hurst, H. E. and Phillips, P. The Sahara and the Nile 1933b: Cairo , Government Press. Jäkel, D. 1979: Run-off and fluvial formation processes in the Tibesti Mountains as indicators of climatic history in the central Sahara during the late Pleistocene and Holocene, Palaeoecology of Africa 11, 13– 44. Kendall, R. L. 1969: An ecological history of the Lake Victoria basin, Ecological Monographs 39, 121– 76. Klitsch, E., Sonntag, C., Weistroffer, K. and El-Shazly, E. M. 1976: Grundwasser der Zentralsahara: Fossile Vörrate, Geologische Rundschau 65, 264– 87. Livingstone, D. A. 1980: Environmental changes in the Nile headwaters, in M. A. J. Williams and H. Faure, The Sahara and the Nile, Rotterdam , Balkema, 339– 59. Lockyer, N. and Lockyer, W. J. S. 1904: Behaviour of the short-period atmospheric pressure variation over the earth's surface, Proceedings Royal Society of London Series A 73, 457– 70. Lyons, H. G. 1906: The Physiography of the Nile River and its Basin, Cairo , National Printing Department. Mabbutt, J. A. 1977: Desert Landforms, Canberra , Australian National University. Macumber, P. G. 1977: The geology and palaeohydrology of the Kow Swamp fossil hominid site, Victoria, Australia, Journal Geological Society of Australia 28, 307– 20. Maley, J. 1977: Palaeoclimates of central Sahara during the early Holocene, Nature 269, 573– 77. Maley, J. 1981: Etudes palynologiques dans le bassin du Tchad et paléoclimatologie de I'Afrique nord- tropicale de 30,000 ans à I'epoque actuelle, Travaux et Documents de I'ORSTOM no. 129, Paris. McClure, H. A. 1976: Radiocarbon chronology of late Quaternary lakes in the Arabian desert, Nature 263, 755– 6. McMahon, T. A. 1979: Hydrologic Characteristics of Australian Streams, Civil Engineering Research Report No. 3/1979, Monash University. Messerli, B. and Winiger, M. 1980: The Saharan and East African uplands during the Qaternary, in M. A. J. Williams and H. Faure, The Sahara and the Nile, Rotterdam , Balkema, 87– 118. Nicholson, S. E. and Flohn, H. 1980: African environmenal and climatic changes and the general atmospheric circulation in the late Pleistocene and Holocene, Climatic Change 2, 313– 48. Owen, R. B., Barthelme, J. W., Renaut, R. W. and Vincens, A. 1982: PalaeoUmnology and archaeology of Holocene deposits north-east of Lake Turkana, Kenya, Nature 298, 523– 28. Pachur, H. 1975: Zur Spatpleistozanen and holozanen Formung auf der Nordabdachung des Tibestigebirges, Die Erde 106, 21– 46. Pachur, H. J. and Braun, G. 1980: The paleoclimate of the central Sahara, Libya, and the Libyan desert, Palaeoecology of Africa, 12, 351– 63. Pachur, H.-J. and Röper, H.-P. 1984: Die Bedeutung paläeoklimatischer Befunde aus den Flachbereichen der östlichen Sahar und des nordlichen Sudan, Zeitschrift Geomorphologie N.F. 50, 59– 78. Perron, F. A. 1979: Late Quaternary lakes in the Ziway-Shala basin, southern Ethiopia, unpublished PhD thesis. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge. Perrott, R. A. and Street-Perrott, F. A. 1982: New evidence for a Late Pleistocene wet phase in northern intertropical Africa, Palaeoecology of Africa, 14, 57– 75. Pittock, A. B. and Salinger, M. J. 1982: Towards regional scenarios for a C02-warmed earth, Climatic Change 4, 23– 40. Ramadas, L. A. 1968: Monsoon and rainfall pattern in the Indian subcontinent, in B. C. Law (ed.), Mountains and Rivers of India, Calcutta , National Committee for Geography. Rassmusson, E. M., and Wallace, J. M. 1983: Meteorological aspects of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, Science 222, 1195– 202. Riley, S. J. and Taylor, G. 1978: The geomorphology of the Upper Darling river system with special reference to the present fluvial system, Proceedings Royal Society of Victoria 90, 89– 102. Ritchie, J. C., Eyles, C. H. and Haynes, C. V. 1985: Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid- Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara, Nature 314, 352– 5. Roberts, N. 1983: Palaeoenvironments, and climatic significance of Late Pleistocene Konya Lake, Turkey, Quaternary Research 19, 154– 71. Roberts, N., Erol, O., de Meester, T. and Uerpmann, H.-P. 1979: Radiocarbon chronology of late Pleistocene Konya Lake, Turkey, Nature 281, 662– 4. Rolls, E. 1981: A Million Wild Acres, Melbourne , Nelson. Rossignol-Strick, M. 1983: African monsoons, an immediate climate response to orbital insolation, Nature 304, 46– 9. Rossignol-Strick, M., Nesteroff, W., Olive P. and Vergnaud-Grazzini, C. 1982: After the deluge: Mediterranean stagnation and sapropel formation, Nature 295, 105– 10. Sarnthein, M. 1978: Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimum, Nature 272, 43– 6. Servant, M. 1973: Séquences continentales et variations climatiques: évolution du bassin du Tchad au Cénozoîque supérieur, unpublished Thesis, University of Paris. Servant, M. and Servant, S. 1983: The lacustrine environment and its evolution in J. P. Carmouze, J.-R. Durand and C. Leveque (eds). Lake Chad, Monographiae Biologicae 57, 11– 26. Servant, M. and Servant-Vildary, S. 1980: L'environnement quaternaire du bassin du Tchad, in M. A. J. Williams and H. Faure, The Sahara and the Nile, Rotterdam , Balkema, 133– 62. Servant-Vildary, S. 1978: Etude des diatomées et paléolimnologie du bassin du Tchad au Cenozoïque superieur, Travaux et Documents de I'ORSTOM No. 84, Vol, 1, text, Vol. II, illustrations. Shahin, M. 1985: Hydrology of the Nile Basin, Amsterdam , Elsevier. Singh, G. 1981: Late Quaternary pollen records and seasonal palaeoclirnates of Lake Frome, South Australia, Hydrobiologia 82, 419– 30. Shukri, N. M. 1949: The mineralogy of some Nile sediments, Quarterly Journal Geological Society of London 105, 511– 34. Smith, R. T. 1982: Quaternary environmental change in equatorial regions with particular reference to vegetation history: a bibliography, Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 39, 331– 45. Sonntag, C., Thorweihe, U., Rudolph, J., Lohnert, E. P., Junghaus, C., Miinnich, K. O., Klitsch, E., El-Shazly, E. M. and Swailem, F. M. 1980: Isotopic identification of Saharan groundwaters, groundwater formation in the past, Palaeoecology of Africa 12, 159– 71. Street, F. A. and Grove, A. T. 1976: Environmental and climatic implications of late Quaternary lake level fluctuations in Africa, Nature 261, 385– 90. Thompson, K. 1976: Swamp development in the head waters of the White Nile, in J. Rzoska (ed.), The Nile: Biology of an Ancient River, The Hague , Junk, 357– 84. Tothill, J. D. 1946: The origin of the Sudan Gezira clay plain, Sudan Notes and Records 27, 153– 83. Walker, G. T. 1924: Correlation in seasonal variations of weather: IX. A further study of world weather, Memoirs Indian Meteorological Department 24, 275– 332. Ward, R. C. 1984: Some aspects of river flow in northern N.S.W., Australia, Journal of Hydrology 11, 31– 51. Water Resources Commission, 1984: Archives of Annual Discharge for the Darling Basin, Water Resources Commission in New South Wales, Ibis House, North Sydney. Wendorf, F. and Schild, R. 1980: Prehistory of the Eastern Sahara, New York , Academic Press. Whitehouse, G., Outhet, D. N. and Fishburn, G. L. 1984: Landsat as an aid to flood forecasting, unpublished papers, Third Australasian Remote Sensing Conference, Brisbane. Williams, D. J. 1984: Sydney's Climate since 1788, unpublished BSc Thesis, School of Earth Sciences, Macquarie University. Williams, M. A. J. 1966: Age of alluvial clays in the western Gezira, Republic of the Sudan, Nature 211, 270– 1. Williams, M. A. J. 1975: Late Pleistocene tropical aridity synchronous in both hemispheres Nature 253, 617– 8. Williams, M. A. J. 1984: Palaeoclirnates and palaeoenvironments: (a) Quaternary environments, in J. J. Veevers (ed.), Phanerozoic Earth History of Australia, Oxford , Clarendon Press, 42– 7. Williams, M. A. J. 1985: Pleistocene aridity in tropical Africa, Australia and Asia, in I. Douglas and T. Spencer (eds), Environmental Change and Tropical Geomorphology, London , George, Allen and Unwin, 219– 33. Williams, M. A. J. and Adamson, D. A. 1980: Late Quaternary depositional history of the Blue and White Nile rivers in central Sudan, in M.A.J. Williams and H. Faure, The Sahara and the Nile, Rotterdam , Balkema, 281– 304. M. A. J. Williams and D. A. Adamson (eds), 1982: A Land Between Two Niles: Quaternary Geology and Biology of the Central Sudan, Rotterdam , Balkema. Woodyer, K. D. 1978: Sediment regime of the Darling River, Proceedings Royal Society of Victoria 90, 139– 45. Wright, P. B. 1975: An Index of the Southern Oscillation, Report No. 4 Climatic Research Unit, Norwich. University of East Anglia. Citing Literature Volume24, Issue1April 1986Pages 128-144 ReferencesRelatedInformation