Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Mosaic PPM1D mutations are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer

2012; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 493; Issue: 7432 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nature11725

1476-4687

Elise Ruark, Katie Snape, Peter Humburg, Chey Loveday, Ilirjana Bajrami, Rachel Brough, Daniel Nava Rodrigues, Anthony Renwick, Sheila Seal, Emma Ramsay, Silvana Del Vecchio Duarte, Manuel A. Rivas, Margaret Warren-Perry, Anna Zachariou, Adriana Campion‐Flora, Sandra Hanks, Anne R. Murray, Naser Ansari‐Pour, Jenny Douglas, Lorna Gregory, Andrew J. Rimmer, Neil Walker, Tsun-Po Yang, Julian Adlard, Julian Barwell, Jonathan Berg, Angela F. Brady, Carole Brewer, Glen Brice, Cyril Chapman, Jackie Cook, Rosemarie Davidson, Alan Donaldson, Fiona Douglas, Diana Eccles, D. Gareth Evans, Lynn Greenhalgh, Alex Henderson, Louise Izatt, Ajith Kumar, Fiona Lalloo, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Patrick J. Morrison, Joan Paterson, Mary Porteous, Mark T. Rogers, Susan Shanley, Lisa Walker, Martin Gore, Richard S. Houlston, Matthew A. Brown, Mark J. Caufield, Panos Deloukas, Mark I. McCarthy, John A. Todd, Clare Turnbull, Jorge S. Reis‐Filho, Alan Ashworth, Antonis C. Antoniou, Christopher J. Lord, Peter Donnelly, Nazneen Rahman,

RNA modifications and cancer

Rare truncating mutations in the p53-inducible protein phosphatase PPM1D are shown to be associated with predisposition to breast cancer and ovarian cancer; notably, all of the mutations are mosaic in white blood cells but are not present in tumours, and probably have a gain-of-function effect. PPM1D is a p53-induced protein phosphatase that is upregulated in response to DNA damage. This study reports rare truncating mutations in PPM1D that are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer, with a cumulative risk of 23% and 18%, respectively by the age of 80. Unusually, these are gain-of-function mutations, despite being truncations. Even more unusually they are mosaic in normal tissues but lost from all tumours analysed, indicating a potentially novel mode of action. Improved sequencing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for investigating the role of rare genetic variation in common disease. However, there are considerable challenges with respect to study design, data analysis and replication1. Using pooled next-generation sequencing of 507 genes implicated in the repair of DNA in 1,150 samples, an analytical strategy focused on protein-truncating variants (PTVs) and a large-scale sequencing case–control replication experiment in 13,642 individuals, here we show that rare PTVs in the p53-inducible protein phosphatase PPM1D are associated with predisposition to breast cancer and ovarian cancer. PPM1D PTV mutations were present in 25 out of 7,781 cases versus 1 out of 5,861 controls (P = 1.12 × 10−5), including 18 mutations in 6,912 individuals with breast cancer (P = 2.42 × 10−4) and 12 mutations in 1,121 individuals with ovarian cancer (P = 3.10 × 10−9). Notably, all of the identified PPM1D PTVs were mosaic in lymphocyte DNA and clustered within a 370-base-pair region in the final exon of the gene, carboxy-terminal to the phosphatase catalytic domain. Functional studies demonstrate that the mutations result in enhanced suppression of p53 in response to ionizing radiation exposure, suggesting that the mutant alleles encode hyperactive PPM1D isoforms. Thus, although the mutations cause premature protein truncation, they do not result in the simple loss-of-function effect typically associated with this class of variant, but instead probably have a gain-of-function effect. Our results have implications for the detection and management of breast and ovarian cancer risk. More generally, these data provide new insights into the role of rare and of mosaic genetic variants in common conditions, and the use of sequencing in their identification.