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Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets

2011; Association of Field Ornithologists; Volume: 82; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00311.x

1557-9263

Donald E. Lyons, Daniel D. Roby,

Animal Behavior and Reproduction

Journal of Field OrnithologyVolume 82, Issue 1 p. 88-100 Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: captive-reared Caspian Tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets La validación del crecimiento y desarrollo de un ave marina como un indicador de la disponibilidad de comida: pichones de Hydrogprogne caspia criados en cautiverio y alimentados ad libitum y dietas restringidas Donald E. Lyons, Corresponding Author Donald E. Lyons U.S. Geological Survey—Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDaniel D. Roby, Daniel D. Roby U.S. Geological Survey—Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USASearch for more papers by this author Donald E. Lyons, Corresponding Author Donald E. Lyons U.S. Geological Survey—Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDaniel D. Roby, Daniel D. Roby U.S. Geological Survey—Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 February 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2010.00311.xCitations: 23Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstracten ABSTRACT For seabirds raising young under conditions of limited food availability, reducing chick provisioning and chick growth rates are the primary means available to avoid abandonment of a breeding effort. For most seabirds, however, baseline data characterizing chick growth and development under known feeding conditions are unavailable, so it is difficult to evaluate chick nutritional status as it relates to foraging conditions near breeding colonies. To address this need, we examined the growth and development of young Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia), a cosmopolitan, generalist piscivore, reared in captivity and fed ad libitum and restricted (ca. one-third lower caloric intake) diets. Ad libitum-fed chicks grew at similar rates and achieved a similar size at fledging as previously documented for chicks in the wild and had energetic demands that closely matched allometric predictions. We identified three general characteristics of food-restricted Caspian Tern chicks compared to ad libitum chicks: (1) lower age-specific body mass, (2) lower age-specific skeletal and feather size, such as wing chord length, and (3) heightened levels of corticosterone in blood, both for baseline levels and in response to acute stress. Effects of diet restriction on feather growth (10–11% slower growth in diet-restricted chicks) were less pronounced than effects on structural growth (37–52% slower growth) and body mass (24% lower at fledging age), apparently due to preferential allocation of food resources to maintain plumage growth. Our results suggest that measurements of chick body mass and feather development (e.g., wing chord or primary length) or measurement of corticosterone levels in the blood would allow useful evaluation of the nutritional status of chicks reared in the wild and of food availability in the foraging range of adults. Such evaluations could also inform demography studies (e.g., predict future recruitment) and assist in evaluating designated piscivorous waterbird conservation (colony) sites. RESUMENes Para aves marinas que crían pichones bajo condiciones de disponibilidad de comida limitada, reducir el aprovisionamiento a los pichones y las tasas de crecimiento de los pichones son la manera principal de evitar de abandonar un intento de reproducir. Sin embargo, para la mayoría de las aves marinas, los valores de referencia que caracterizan el crecimiento y desarrollo de pichones bajo condiciones conocidas de alimentación no están disponibles. Entonces, es difícil evaluar el estatus nutricional de los pichones en relación a las condiciones de forrajeo cerca de colonias de nidificacion. Para responder a esta necesidad, examinamos el crecimiento y desarrollo de pichones de Hydroprogne caspia, un piscívoro cosmopolita y generalista, cuales fueron criados en cautiverio y alimentados con dietas ad libitum y con dietas restringidas (con aproximadamente un tercio menos de las calorías). Los pichones dados a comer ad libitum tuvieron tasas de crecimiento similares y llegaron a un tamaño similar a pichones silvestres en la etapa de emplumamiento. También tenían una demanda energética que era muy similar a lo de predicciones alométricas. Identificamos tres características generales de pichones de H. caspia con dietas restringidas en comparación a pichones con dietas ad libitum: (1) un peso corporal más bajo específico a cada edad, (2) un tamaño del esqueleto y de plumaje más bajo por edad, como por ejemplo el largo del ala, y (3) niveles altos de corticosterona en la sangre, tanto para niveles de valores de referencia y en respuesta al estrés aguda. Los efectos de la restricción de la dieta al crecimiento de las plumas (crecimiento de 10–11% más lento en pichones con dieta restringida) fueron menos pronunciados que los efectos sobre el crecimiento estructural (crecimiento de 37–52% más lento) y peso corporal (24% más bajo a la edad de emplumamiento), aparentemente por alocar preferencialmente los recursos alimenticios para mantener el crecimiento del plumaje. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las medidas del peso corporal de pichones y el desarrollo del plumaje (ej., largo del ala o de las primarias) o las medidas de niveles de corticosterona en la sangre nos permitiría una evaluación útil del estatus nutricional de pichones silvestres y de la disponibilidad de comida en el área de forrajeo de los adultos. 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