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Ribosome profiling reveals the what, when, where and how of protein synthesis

2015; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 16; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nrm4069

1471-0080

Gloria A. Brar, Jonathan S. Weissman,

RNA Research and Splicing

Ribosome profiling has the power to interrogate —in vivoand on a global scale — what is being translated, how this translation is regulated and where in the cell the translation of specific sets of proteins occurs. Ribosome profiling, which involves the deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments, is a powerful tool for globally monitoring translation in vivo. The method has facilitated discovery of the regulation of gene expression underlying diverse and complex biological processes, of important aspects of the mechanism of protein synthesis, and even of new proteins, by providing a systematic approach for experimental annotation of coding regions. Here, we introduce the methodology of ribosome profiling and discuss examples in which this approach has been a key factor in guiding biological discovery, including its prominent role in identifying thousands of novel translated short open reading frames and alternative translation products.