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Persistence of Pesticides in Soil

2013; Soil Science Society of America; Linguagem: Inglês

10.2136/1974.pesticides.c9

A. E. Hiltbold,

Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity

This chapter outlines persistence observed in field soils with various chemical families and individual pesticides. The time dependence of loss will be considered as it relates to possible accumulation of pesticide residues with repeated applications. The chapter reviews some of the environmental conditions and management factors affecting persistence. In order to predict residual pesticide levels in soil after given rates and frequency of application, it is necessary to determine the rate of pesticide loss as it may change with time. The frequency and rate of pesticide application depends largely upon the crop grown. Soil incorporation of volatile pesticides is necessary for their retention and activity on weeds and insects. Microbiological degradation and chemical alterations of pesticides in reactions with soil materials are pathways for removal of the environmental hazard and should be elucidated as they respond to application rates and frequency.