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First Report of Southern Blight on Candyleaf ( Stevia rebaudiana ) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Italy

2015; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 100; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-03-15-0324-pdn

1943-7692

Raffaele Carrieri, Eugenio Cozzolino, Paola Tarantino, Domenico Cerrato, E. Lahoz,

Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 1First Report of Southern Blight on Candyleaf (Stevia rebaudiana) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Italy PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Southern Blight on Candyleaf (Stevia rebaudiana) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in ItalyR. Carrieri, E. Cozzolino, P. Tarantino, D. Cerrato, and E. LahozR. CarrieriSearch for more papers by this author, E. CozzolinoSearch for more papers by this author, P. TarantinoSearch for more papers by this author, D. CerratoSearch for more papers by this author, and E. LahozSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations R. Carrieri E. Cozzolino P. Tarantino D. Cerrato E. Lahoz , Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CRA) FRC Unit, 81100 Caserta, Italy. Published Online:27 Oct 2015https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0324-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Candyleaf (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is an herb originating from Paraguay and belongs to the Asteraceae. Its leaves, rich in steviol glycosides, are used as a low-caloric sweetener all over the world, and is 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Candyleaf leaves also contain high levels of phenolic compounds and are becoming widely used in infusions as natural sources of antioxidants (Periche et al. 2015). In Southern Italy, candyleaf was introduced 5 to 6 years ago. During winter 2015, candyleaf plants grown in Sabato Valley (Benevento Province, Southern Italy) on about 3.0 ha, showed blight symptoms. The infected plants showed dark brown lesions on the stems and yellowing and wilting of the leaves. The pathogen produced white fluffy mycelia, and later sclerotia on stems and roots. The disease affected up to 30% of the plants. Fragments (1 mm2) of tissues were excised from lesions on the symptomatic leaves and their surfaces were disinfested by sequential dipping in 70% ethanol for 30 s and in 1.2% NaOCl for 30 s; then the fragments were rinsed in sterile water and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin sulfate (0.1g/liter). Cultures were incubated at 24°C in the dark and produced white mycelium. After 6 to 7 days, round creamy sclerotia (1 to 2 mm in diameter), typical of fungi of Sclerotium, were formed. The fungus was characterized molecularly using 50 ng of genomic DNA purified from isolate SR-7 by PCR reactions using primers ITS1/ITS4, specific for the ITS regions and 5.8S gene in the cluster of ribosomal genes (White et al. 1990) and using primers EF1-983F/EF1-2218R, specific for a region of the elongation factor-1α gene (EF1α) (Rehner and Buckley 2005). The 612-bp sequence (GenBank Accession No. KP982853), amplified with ITS primers, was analyzed using the BLASTn program and showed 99% identity to the ITS-5.8S rDNA sequences of several isolates of Athelia rolfsii (teleomorph of S. rolfsii) in GenBank. The 1080-bp sequence (KP807529), obtained with EF1α primers, showed nucleotide identity of 99.5% to the A. rolfsii EF1α sequence GU187681. Pathogenicity of five S. rolfsii isolates was evaluated on healthy plants of candyleaf (30 days old, 20 plants/isolate). Plants were transplanted to sterile soil and inoculated by inserting 15 sclerotia 0.5 cm below the soil line of each plant with a sterile needle. Ten-day-old cultures on PDA were used for the inoculum. All plants were incubated in a growth chamber at 24 ± 1°C with a 12-h photoperiod (90% relative humidity). Blight symptoms, identical to those observed in field, appeared 12 to 15 days after inoculation, while the sclerotia appeared 10 days later. No symptoms were observed on the 20 plants used as controls. Sclerotium rolfsii was successfully reisolated from the inoculated plants and molecularly characterized as described above. Candyleaf infections caused by S. rolfsii were previously reported in United States (Koehler and Shew 2014) and India (Kamalakannan et al. 2007). To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. rolfsii as the causal agent of southern blight of candyleaf in Europe.References:Kamalakannan, A., et al. 2007. Plant Pathol. 56:350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01468.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarKoehler, A., and Shew, H. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:1005. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1238-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarPeriche, A., et al. 2015. Food Chem. 172:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.029 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarRehner, S. A., and Buckley, E. P. 2005. Mycologia 97:84. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Innis, M. A., et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego. Crossref, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 100, No. 1 January 2016SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 15 Jan 2016Published: 27 Oct 2015First Look: 21 Jul 2015Accepted: 13 Jul 2015 Page: 220 Information© 2016 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byFirst Report of Athelia rolfsii Causing Stem Rot on Sunflower in Sichuan, ChinaTingfu Zhang, Yuechuan Li, Guoqin Wen, Jian Zou, and Jun Yang12 February 2023 | Plant Disease, Vol. 107, No. 2Morphological and molecular characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii associated with stem rot disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)4 September 2021 | Indian Phytopathology, Vol. 75, No. 1Athelia rolfsii (sclerotium rot)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumFirst Report of Sclerotium Stem Rot Caused by Atheliarolfsii on Stevia rebaudiana in Southwestern FranceZ. 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