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First Description of Necrosis in Leaves and Pseudobulbs of Oncidium Orchids Caused by Burkholderia gladioli in São Paulo State, Brazil
2015; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 99; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-03-15-0297-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresEmy Tiyo Mano, Sonia N. Minami, Joyce E. Loper, Welington Luiz Araújo,
Tópico(s)Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 99, No. 11First Description of Necrosis in Leaves and Pseudobulbs of Oncidium Orchids Caused by Burkholderia gladioli in São Paulo State, Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Description of Necrosis in Leaves and Pseudobulbs of Oncidium Orchids Caused by Burkholderia gladioli in São Paulo State, BrazilE. T. Mano, S. N. Minami, J. E. Loper, and W. L. AraújoE. T. ManoSearch for more papers by this author, S. N. MinamiSearch for more papers by this author, J. E. LoperSearch for more papers by this author, and W. L. AraújoSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations E. T. Mano , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo (ICB/USP), 1374 São Paulo, SP, Brazil S. N. Minami , Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, SP, Brazil J. E. Loper , USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 W. L. Araújo , ICB/USP, 1374 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Published Online:25 Sep 2015https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0297-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat In the summer (January to March) of 2002 and 2003, leaves and pseudobulbs of Oncidium spp. grown in a commercial orchid nursery in Mogi das Cruzes, SP in southeastern Brazil presented symptoms similar to those already described in orchids infected by Burkholderia gladioli (Keith et al. 2005; Malavolta 1998). These nursery presented temperature and relative humidity ranging from 22 to 27°C and from 80 to 90%, respectively. The symptoms were water-soaked, brown lesions that developed into large areas of necrosis that extended throughout the entire plant, causing plant death. Bacteria were isolated on 5% TSA medium amended with benomyl (50 μg/ml) from symptomatic Oncidium ‘Aloha Iwanaga’ and ‘Sharry Baby’ plants. Twenty pale yellow colonies with entire margins, which were dominant on the isolation medium, were purified and presented gram-negative and rod shaped cells, oxidase- and urease-positive, did not grow anaerobically, and did not produce a UV-fluorescent pigment on King’s medium B, as expected for B. gladioli (Keith et al. 2005). In addition, all strains failed to ferment glucose and used for growth or energy 2-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranose, D-melibiose, L-arabinose, malonate, maltose, and sodium citrate. For molecular identification, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with primers P027F and 1378R (Andreote et al. 2008), sequenced, and a high-quality, 776-bp sequence was 99% identical to the 16S rRNA gene of B. gladioli (GenBank Accession No. KP735965). Nine isolates were used to fulfill Koch’s postulates in Oncidium ‘Aloha Iwanaga’ and ‘Sharry Baby’. For this, 5 µl of an aqueous suspension (105 CFU/ml) of each bacterial isolate was placed on a wound of a leaf or a pseudobulb of each of five replicate plants. The plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25°C with 85% relative humidity for up to 5 days. The inoculation sites were evaluated daily for the presence of water-soaked brown lesions. B. gladioli was reisolated from lesions as described above, and shown to be identical to the inoculated strains by amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). Two isolates were also inoculated to wounds of leaves of commercial Phalaenopsis sp., Cattleya sp., and Miltonia sp. and the brown lesions were observed, indicating that these isolates are pathogenic to multiple orchid species. However, symptoms varied among the orchid species. In Oncidium and Miltonia sp., inoculation with the pathogen resulted first in a brown spot that originated from deep leaf tissue, then expanded rapidly into a brown lesion with water-soaked borders, and evolved to dark-brown necrosis after 5 to 10 days. Although necrosis was also observed at 5 to 10 days after inoculation of Phalaenopsis sp. and Cattleya sp., the lesions originated from the leaf surface rather than from deeper leaf tissue, and a gummy surface containing bacterial cells was observed on the leaf surface at the inoculation site. This is the first description of orchid necrosis in São Paulo State, which is the most important orchid producer in Brazil. The flower market in Brazil is estimated at U.S. $2.7 billion in 2014; considering the importance of orchids in the annual sales, future studies should be focused on disease incidence, pathogen distribution; and the management of the orchid necrosis caused by B. gladioli in commercial nurseries.References:Andreote, D. F., et al. 2008. Ant. Leeuw. 93:415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-007-9219-6 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMalavolta, M., Jr. 1998 Page 40 in: Bergmann, E.C. and Alexandre, M. A.V. eds. Boletim Técnico, Instituto Biológico No. 11. Google ScholarKeith, L. M., et al. 2005. Plant Dis. 89:1273. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-89-1273 Link, ISI, Google ScholarThis project was supported by FAPESP (Grant 08/52407-9).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 99, No. 11 November 2015SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 4 Nov 2015Published: 25 Sep 2015First Look: 9 Jun 2015Accepted: 18 May 2015 Pages: 1642-1642 Information© 2015 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byBurkholderia gladioli (leaf spot of orchids)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumDesorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging reveals chemical defense of Burkholderia seminalis against cacao pathogens1 January 2017 | RSC Advances, Vol. 7, No. 48Genome Sequencing and Transposon Mutagenesis of Burkholderia seminalis TC3.4.2R3 Identify Genes Contributing to Suppression of Orchid Necrosis Caused by B. gladioliWelington L. Araújo, Allison L. Creason, Emy T. Mano, Aline A. Camargo-Neves, Sonia N. Minami, Jeff H. Chang, and Joyce E. Loper18 April 2016 | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 29, No. 6
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