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Distal ash hurricane (pyroclastic density current) deposits from a ca. 2000 yr B.P. Plinian-style eruption of Mount Pelée, Martinique: Distribution, grain-size characteristics, and implications for future hazard

2015; Geological Society of America; Volume: 128; Issue: 5-6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1130/b31282.1

1943-2674

J. V. Wright, A. L. Smith, M. J. Roobol, G. S. Mattioli, Joan E. Fryxell,

Geological and Geochemical Analysis

Research Article| May 01, 2016 Distal ash hurricane (pyroclastic density current) deposits from a ca. 2000 yr B.P. Plinian-style eruption of Mount Pelée, Martinique: Distribution, grain-size characteristics, and implications for future hazard John V. Wright; John V. Wright 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA2Jan Sofat 125, Spanish Water, Curaçao Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Alan L. Smith; Alan L. Smith † 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA3Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA †alsmith@csusb.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar M. John Roobol; M. John Roobol 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA4The Anchorage, Sandy Haven, St. Ishmaels, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, SA62 3DN, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Glen S. Mattioli; Glen S. Mattioli 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Joan E. Fryxell Joan E. Fryxell 3Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information John V. Wright 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA2Jan Sofat 125, Spanish Water, Curaçao Alan L. Smith † 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA3Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA M. John Roobol 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA4The Anchorage, Sandy Haven, St. Ishmaels, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, SA62 3DN, UK Glen S. Mattioli 1Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00680, USA5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA Joan E. Fryxell 3Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA †alsmith@csusb.edu Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 20 Jan 2015 Revision Received: 08 Oct 2015 Accepted: 18 Nov 2015 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 © 2015 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (2016) 128 (5-6): 777–791. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31282.1 Article history Received: 20 Jan 2015 Revision Received: 08 Oct 2015 Accepted: 18 Nov 2015 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation John V. Wright, Alan L. Smith, M. John Roobol, Glen S. Mattioli, Joan E. Fryxell; Distal ash hurricane (pyroclastic density current) deposits from a ca. 2000 yr B.P. Plinian-style eruption of Mount Pelée, Martinique: Distribution, grain-size characteristics, and implications for future hazard. GSA Bulletin 2016;; 128 (5-6): 777–791. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B31282.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Plinian-style activity has not occurred on any volcano in the Lesser Antilles since European settlement; however, pumice-rich deposits from this eruptive style are found throughout the Lesser Antilles, and such eruptions were witnessed by pre-Columbian Native American populations. One of these eruptive events from Mount Pelée on Martinique, occurring between 1800 and 2200 yr B.P., produced pumice-and-ash flow deposits that followed the main drainage channels on the volcano, ash hurricane deposits that both mantle the volcano's flanks (slopes up to 25°) and extended at least 20 km from the crater. We examined the latter in the context of modern developments in understanding transport and depositional mechanics of pyroclastic density currents. Based on grain-size analysis, they are subdivided into proximal and distal deposits. The distal deposits become progressively more depleted in fines and enriched in crystals with distance from the crater. We conclude these are deposits of dilute, or inertia-dominated pyroclastic overcurrents, which decoupled from their underflows as they surmounted the topographic barrier formed by the older Pitons du Carbet volcanic center. A combination of topography and ingestion of air and water vapor from tropical vegetation perhaps caused the considerable expansion and liftoff, and resulting extreme crystal enrichment. Their areal distribution suggests much of the northern half of Martinique must have been severely affected, and the zone of devastation extended at least to the northern outskirts of the capital Fort-de-France, although their final runout distance may have extended significantly further south. Major coignimbrite plumes dispersing ash and aerosols over thousands of kilometers would today pose hazards to aviation. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.