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Investigation of a plasmid genome database for colistin-resistance gene mcr-1

2016; Elsevier BV; Volume: 16; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00008-6

1474-4457

Satowa Suzuki, Mamoru Ohnishi, Michiko Kawanishi, Masato Akiba, Makoto Kuroda,

Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy

The molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria is complex. This is partly because of the diversity resulting from horizontal transfer of resistance genes, a process in which plasmids play a key part. GenEpid-J was launched in 2014 to develop an integrated database of genomics and epidemiology focused on plasmids. Plasmid DNA was separated from chromosomal DNA by S1-PFGE, 1Barton BM Harding GP Zuccarelli AJ A general method for detecting and sizing large plasmids.Anal Biochem. 1995; 226: 235-240Crossref PubMed Scopus (618) Google Scholar and both chromosomal and all visible plasmid DNA, irrespective of the presence of antimicrobial resistant genes, were extracted from the gel, fully sequenced, assembled, analysed, and deposited in the GenEpid-J database. Yi-Yun Liu and colleagues2Liu Y-Y Wang Y Walsh TR et al.Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study.Lancet Infect Dis. 2015; (published online Nov 18.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7Summary Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (3334) Google Scholar reported a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism, MCR-1, in China. We therefore investigated the GenEpid-J database for plasmids carrying mcr-1 and their host isolates. As of November, 2015, 1747 plasmid genomes from 671 Gram-negative bacteria have been deposited in GenEpid-J; these genomes represent 431, 184, and 56 isolates from patients admitted to hospital, animals, and the environment, respectively. Among them, we identified five plasmids carrying mcr-1 in animal isolates, but none in human isolates (table). None of the five plasmids carry other acquired resistance genes, and all of them had sequences highly similar to that of pHNSHP45, which was reported by Liu and colleagues. The most notable difference between pHNSHP45 and the five plasmids carrying mcr-1 identified in GenEpid-J is in the shufflon region, possibly because the repeated sequence of the shufflon is difficult to correctly assemble using short-read sequencing technology.TableCharacteristics of five mcr-1 positive isolates and the harbouring plasmids detected using the whole-genome and plasmid sequence database GenEpid-JYear of isolationSourceBacteria multilocus sequence typingMinimum inhibitory concentration of colistin (mg/L)Cumulative contig size (bp); number of contigs; Inc type of plasmid carrying mcr-1Cumulative contig size (bp); number of contigs; Inc type; acquired resistance genes of co-harboured plasmidMRY15-1172012Cattle (mastitis)Escherichia coli (ST457)460 179 bp; 1, I2116 184 bp; 12; FII, FIB; blaCTX-M-27, aac(3)-II, dfrA14, ermB, mphAMRY15-1252012Cattle (mastitis)Escherichia coli (ST457)461 252 bp; 1, I2106 544 bp; 12; FII, FIB; blaCTX-M-27, dfrA14, mphAMRY15-1312013Cattle (mastitis)Escherichia coli (ST457)460 193 bp; 1, I2116,339 bp; 14; FII, FIB; blaCTX-M-27, aac(3)-II, dfrA14, ermB, mphAMRY15-1322013Cattle (mastitis)Escherichia coli (ST457)461 479 bp; 1, I2110 503 bp; 13; FII, FIB; blaCTX-M-27, dfrA14, mphAL-42092013Swine (septicaemia)Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium3258 824 bp; 1, I2.. Open table in a new tab The prevalence of mcr-1 in healthy food-producing animals in Japan was assessed using Escherichia coli isolates in the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring system.3Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring SystemReport of Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System—2008 to 2011.http://www.maff.go.jp/nval/tyosa_kenkyu/taiseiki/pdf/jvarm2008_2011.pdfGoogle Scholar In 9308 E coli collected between 2000 and 2014, 90 (1·0%) had a minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin of 8 mg/L or higher, as determined by agar or micro-broth dilution methods. These 90 isolates were subjected to PCR detection of mcr-1, and only two (2·2%) collected from swine in 2008 and 2010 were positive. Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent issue in public health. The importance of surveillance of antimicrobial resistance has been already recognised. However, in this era of globalisation, the establishment of whole genome and plasmid sequence databases is an essential public health measure for rapid risk assessment and response, because such tools will enable us to track antimicrobial resistant pathogens or even the resistance genes that are transmitted by plasmids. GenEpid-J was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). We declare no competing interests. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological studyThe emergence of MCR-1 heralds the breach of the last group of antibiotics, polymyxins, by plasmid-mediated resistance. Although currently confined to China, MCR-1 is likely to emulate other global resistance mechanisms such as NDM-1. Our findings emphasise the urgent need for coordinated global action in the fight against pan-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Full-Text PDF