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Sport and Politics in the Brazilian Estado Novo (1937–1945)

2014; Routledge; Volume: 31; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/09523367.2014.922550

1743-9035

Maurício Drumond,

Sport and Mega-Event Impacts

AbstractThis article aims at analysing how the government of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, especially during the dictatorial period known as Estado Novo, used sport as a means of propaganda. In order to achieve this goal, I first examine how the government acted in uniting the Brazilian sport field, which was divided in factions representing different political groups, who struggled over the control of the organisation of sports in the country. Then, I analyse how this pacified sport field was used as a means of propaganda for the government. Finally, I look at the official intervention in the sport organisation with the creation of CND, assessing the objectives behind its creation.Keywords:: politicsEstado NovoGetúlio VargasBrazilauthoritarianism Notes 1. For references in the English language regarding the 1930 Revolution and the government of Getúlio Vargas, see CitationLevine, Father of the Poor?; CitationHentschke, Vargas and Brazil. 2. For other moments of dispute between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, see CitationSoter, Enciclopédia da Seleção. 3.CitationVargas, Diário, 164. 4.CitationPetrik, 1932 – Uma Aventura Olímpica. 5. Vargas's relationship with the working class was one of the main pillars of his government policy, which is now known as Trabalhismo (Labourism). One of the first measures taken by Vargas in the presidential office was the creation of the Ministry of Labour, Industry and Trade, established in November 26, 1930. The Constitution of 1934 would officially establish Labour Courts, even though their roots were already in action since the beginning of the Vargas era. For more information, see CitationGomes, A Invenção do Trabalhismo. 6. It is worth noticing that at the time there was no Brazilian tournament of clubs. Due to the size of the country and the poor means of transport, most clubs would only face their local opponents. Playing against popular teams, notably from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, the two most important football centres in Brazil, was a rare and profitable opportunity. 7.Jornal dos Sports, July 30, 1936, p. 1. 8. “Para a maior glória do football brasileiro,” Jornal dos Sports, July 18, 1937, p. 2. 9. See CitationDrumond, Estado Novo e Esporte, 96.10. For more information regarding the Centennial Games of 1922, see CitationMalaia and Melo, 1922 Celebrações Esportivas do Centenário.11. Cited in CitationSilva, Mil e uma noites de futebol, 168.12.Correio da Manhã, May 3, 1941, p. 6.13. “A visita do sr. presidente Getúlio Vargas a São Paulo,” Estado de São Paulo, April 28, 1940, p. 7.14.CitationMelo, “Before Fittipaldi, Piquet and Senna.”15. Lourival Fontes, chief of propaganda, said that the Gavea Track was a ‘sportive tradition’ that should persist even in times of crisis, as the one Brazil faced during World War II, even with all the difficulty in importing petrol. National Archives, Gabinete Civil da Presidência da República, box 510; Decree-Law no. 2,950, January 16, 1941. Published in Diário Oficial da União, January 18, 1941, p. 957.16.CitationVargas, Diário, 331.17.CitationMelo, “Before Fittipaldi, Piquet and Senna,” 262.18. “O governo quer apressar a oficialização dos sports,” Jornal dos Sports, January 3, 1937, p. 1.19. “Intervenção federal nos sports,” Jornal dos Sports, February 5, 1937, p. 4.20. Decree-Law no. 3,199, April 14, 1941. Published in Diário Oficial da União, April 16, 1941, p. 7453.21. “Várias esportivas: a extinção da FBF,” Jornal dos Sports, April 25, 1941, p. 12.22. Decree-Law no. 3,199, April 14, 1941. Published in Diário Oficial da União, April 16, 1941, p. 7453, article 16.23.CitationSarmento, A Regra do Jogo, 145.24. “A regulamentação dos esportes,” Jornal dos Sports, April 16, 1941, p. 10.25.CitationMazzoni, O Esporte a Serviço, 20.26.CitationManhães, Política de esportes no Brasil.Additional informationNotes on contributorsMaurício DrumondMaurício Drumond has a PhD in Comparative History and is the author of many articles and books in Portuguese, including ‘Estado Novo e Esporte: a Política e o Esporte em Getúlio Vargas e Oliveira Salazar (1930–1945)’ [New state and sport: politics and sport under Getúlio Vargas and Oliveira Salazar (1930–1945)].