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Generation of blood circulating DNA: the sources, peculiarities of circulation and structure

2015; Volume: 61; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.18097/pbmc20156104409

2310-6972

Olga E. Bryzgunova, Pavel P. Laktionov,

Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics

Extracellular nucleic acids (exNA) were described in blood of both healthy and illness people as early as in 1948, but staied overlooked until middle 60th. Starting from the beginning of new millennium and mainly in the last 5 years exNA are intensively studied. Main attention is directed to investigation of exNA as the source of diagnostic material whereas the mechanisms of their generation, as well as mechanisms to providing long-term circulation of exNA in the bloodstream are not established unambiguously. According to some authors, the main source of circulating nucleic acids in blood are the processes of apoptosis and necrosis, while others refer to the possible nucleic acid secretion by healthy and tumor cells. Circulating DNA were found to be stable in the blood for a long time, escaping from the action of DNA hydrolyzing enzymes and are apparently packed in different supramolecular complexes. This review presents the opinions of various authors and evidence in favor of all the theories describingappearance of extracellular DNA, the features of the circulation and structure of the extracellular DNA and factors affecting the time of DNA circulation in blood.Vnekletochnye nukleinovye kisloty (vnNK) v tsirkuliatsii kak zdorovykh, tak i bol'nykh liudeĭ byli vpervye opisany v 1948 g., odnako ostavalis' bez vnimaniia do serediny 60-kh godov proshlogo veka. vnNK osobenno intensivno issleduiutsia v poslednie 5 let. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeliaetsia issledovaniiu vnNK kak istochniku diagnosticheskogo materiala; odnako mekhanizmy generatsii vnekletochnykh nukleinovykh kislot, a takzhe mekhanizmy, obespechivaiushchie ikh dolgovremennuiu tsirkuliatsiiu v krovotoke, odnoznachno ne ustanovleny. Po dannym odnikh avtorov, osnovnym istochnikom tsirkuliruiushchikh dezoksiribonukleinovykh kislot v krovi (tsirDNK) iavliaiutsia protsessy nekroza i apoptoza, drugie ssylaiutsia na vozmozhnuiu sekretsiiu nukleinovykh kislot kak zdorovymi, tak i opukholevymi kletkami. Izvestno, chto tsirDNK mogut tsirkulirovat' v krovi v techenie dlitel'nogo vremeni, uskol'zaia ot deĭstviia DNK-gidrolizuiushchikh fermentov krovi i, po-vidimomu, nakhodias' v sostave nadmolekuliarnykh kompleksov. V étom obzore predstavleny dannye raznykh avtorov i privedeny dokazatel'stva v pol'zu vsekh predlozhennykh teoriĭ poiavleniia tsirDNK, opisany osobennosti stroeniia tsirDNK, a takzhe faktory, vliiaiushchie na vremia tsirkuliatsii DNK v krovi.