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III. Ontogeny and function of γδ T cells in the intestine

1998; American Physiological Society; Volume: 274; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.3.g455

1522-1547

Martin F. Kagnoff,

Immune Cell Function and Interaction

γδ T cells are located in the paracellular space between epithelial cells. In the human colon and small intestine, 5–40% of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are γδ T cells, and in mice an even greater proportion of IEL are γδ T cells. The γδ T cell receptor repertoire in the human intestine undergoes marked changes in V region gene usage and junctional diversity during development from fetus to newborn to adult, suggesting that γδ T cells may mediate qualitatively or quantitatively different functions at various stages of development. γδ IEL have been shown to produce cytokines and growth factors and to influence epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the mucosal development of immunoglobulin A B cells. γδ IEL also manifest cytolytic activity. However, the ligands recognized by intestinal γδ T cells and the role they play in intestinal immune responses, in immune defense to enteric pathogens, and in the pathogenesis of intestinal disease are thus far largely unknown.