First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Stem and Fruit Canker of Hylocereus undatus in Florida
2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 100; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-11-15-1319-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresGeorgina Sanahuja, P. López, Aaron J. Palmateer,
Tópico(s)Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 7First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Stem and Fruit Canker of Hylocereus undatus in Florida PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Stem and Fruit Canker of Hylocereus undatus in FloridaG. Sanahuja, P. Lopez, and A. J. PalmateerG. SanahujaSearch for more papers by this author, P. LopezSearch for more papers by this author, and A. J. PalmateerSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations G. Sanahuja P. Lopez A. J. Palmateer , Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, 33031. Published Online:31 Mar 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1319-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Pitaya, commonly known as dragon fruit, is a cactus widely grown throughout south Florida for its edible fruit. Two species of pitaya are produced in south Florida: Hylocereus undatus has fruit with white flesh and scarlet colored skin and H. polyrhizus has red flesh with scarlet colored skin. In July 2015, a number of fruit samples of Hylocereus undatus submitted to the Florida Extension Plant Diagnostic Clinic in Homestead, FL, were discovered to have small cankers that appeared as sunken orangish brown spots. Dark gray to black aerial mycelium grew after surface-disinfected lesions were plated on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Colonies produced abundant conidia in arthric chains that were dark brown, cylindrical to round with zero to one-septa and averaged 9.29 ± 1.56 μm × 5.93 ± 0.66 μm (Crous et al. 2006). Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium and partial 18S ribosomal RNA gene, complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, ITS 2, and partial 28S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified with the primers ITS1 and ITS4 and the PCR product was sequenced. The resulting sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KT803701). Based on morphological characteristics and the ITS sequence region, the pathogen was identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. A BLAST search exhibited 97% nucleotide identity with an isolate of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum that caused pitaya canker disease in China (Accession No. JX524168). To further support identification, phylogenetic analysis by the maximum likelihood method (Tamura-Nei model) was performed (MEGA 6.06) and our isolate clustered with other N. dimidiatum isolates with 74% support (1000 replicates). Pathogenicity tests were conducted inoculating healthy stem and fruit of both species (H. undatus and H. polyrhizus) with 2 mm agar plugs from a 5-day old APDA culture. Two noninoculated controls were included; one with 2-mm agar plugs and one without. Five fruit and five stems were used per treatment and the experiment was repeated. Inoculated fruit and stems were placed in a greenhouse where temperature ranged from 25 to 32°C. Seven days post inoculation, both stem and fruit tissue developed small circular sunken light-brown spots. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum was isolated from all symptomatic tissue confirming Koch’s postulates. No symptoms developed on the noninoculated fruit and stem controls. This disease has been reported in Taiwan, Malaysia, and China (Chuang et al. 2012; Mohd et al. 2013; Lan and He 2012), but this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing stem and fruit canker on Hylocereus undatus in Florida. It is important to note that Hylocereus polyrhizus is also susceptible to N. dimidiatum. Disease incidence in several local fields has been as high as 70% and appears to be more severe on fruit than stems. Very few fungicides are currently labeled for use on pitaya in Florida, so this disease has been a serious issue for pitaya growers in south Florida.References:Chuang, M. F., et al. 2012. Plant Dis. 96:906. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-11-0689-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarCrous, P. W., et al. 2006. Stud. Mycol. 55:235. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.55.1.235 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLan, G.-B., and He, Z.-F. 2012. Plant Dis. 96:1702. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-12-0632-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarMohd, M. H., et al. 2013. J. Phytopathol. 161:841. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12146 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 100, No. 7 July 2016SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 7 Jun 2016Published: 31 Mar 2016First Look: 22 Feb 2016Accepted: 3 Feb 2016 Pages: 1499-1499 Information© 2016 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byA New Species of Neoscytalidium hylocereum sp. nov. Causing Canker on Red-Fleshed Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in Southern Thailand3 February 2023 | Journal of Fungi, Vol. 9, No. 2Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae causes dieback on Pinus eldarica and its potential for infection of urban forest trees4 June 2022 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 12, No. 1First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Stem Canker of Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) in IndiaVanita Navnath Salunkhe, Yogesh Shivaji Bhagat, Sangram B. Chavan, Swati G. Lonkar, and Vijaysinha D. 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