Mortality risks and limits to population growth of fishers
2015; Wiley; Volume: 80; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/jwmg.1020
ISSN1937-2817
AutoresRick A. Sweitzer, Viorel D. Popescu, Craig M. Thompson, Kathryn L. Purcell, Reginald H. Barrett, Greta M. Wengert, Mourad W. Gabriel, Leslie W. Woods,
Tópico(s)Agricultural risk and resilience
ResumoThe Journal of Wildlife ManagementVolume 80, Issue 3 p. 438-451 Research Article Mortality risks and limits to population growth of fishers Rick A. Sweitzer, Corresponding Author Rick A. Sweitzer The Great Basin Institute, 16750 Mt. Rose Highway, Reno, NV, 89511 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorViorel D. Popescu, Viorel D. Popescu Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6 Canada University of Bucharest, Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), 1 N. Balcescu Blvd., Bucharest, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorCraig M. Thompson, Craig M. Thompson USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2081 E. Sierra Avenue, Fresno, CA, 93710 USASearch for more papers by this authorKathryn L. Purcell, Kathryn L. Purcell USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2081 E. Sierra Avenue, Fresno, CA, 93710 USASearch for more papers by this authorReginald H. Barrett, Reginald H. Barrett Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USASearch for more papers by this authorGreta M. Wengert, Greta M. Wengert Integral Ecology Research Center, Blue Lake, CA, 95525 USASearch for more papers by this authorMourad W. Gabriel, Mourad W. Gabriel Integral Ecology Research Center, Blue Lake, CA, 95525 USASearch for more papers by this authorLeslie W. Woods, Leslie W. Woods California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA, 95616 USASearch for more papers by this author Rick A. Sweitzer, Corresponding Author Rick A. Sweitzer The Great Basin Institute, 16750 Mt. Rose Highway, Reno, NV, 89511 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorViorel D. Popescu, Viorel D. Popescu Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6 Canada University of Bucharest, Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), 1 N. Balcescu Blvd., Bucharest, RomaniaSearch for more papers by this authorCraig M. Thompson, Craig M. Thompson USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2081 E. Sierra Avenue, Fresno, CA, 93710 USASearch for more papers by this authorKathryn L. Purcell, Kathryn L. Purcell USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2081 E. Sierra Avenue, Fresno, CA, 93710 USASearch for more papers by this authorReginald H. Barrett, Reginald H. Barrett Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720 USASearch for more papers by this authorGreta M. Wengert, Greta M. Wengert Integral Ecology Research Center, Blue Lake, CA, 95525 USASearch for more papers by this authorMourad W. Gabriel, Mourad W. Gabriel Integral Ecology Research Center, Blue Lake, CA, 95525 USASearch for more papers by this authorLeslie W. Woods, Leslie W. Woods California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA, 95616 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 November 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1020Citations: 11Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat ABSTRACT Fishers (Pekania pennanti) in the west coast states of Washington, Oregon, and California, USA have not recovered from population declines and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service has proposed options for listing them as threatened. Our objectives were to evaluate differences in survival and mortality risk from natural (e.g., predation, disease, injuries, starvation) and human-linked causes (e.g., rodenticide exposure [toxicants], vehicle strikes). We monitored survival of 232 radio-collared fishers at a northern and southern study site in the Sierra National Forest, California. We retrieved fisher carcasses, and used necropsy examinations to determine causes of death. We estimated survival and mortality rates using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and nonparametric cumulative incidence functions, respectively, and integrated risk-specific survival rates into a Leslie matrix to evaluate how population growth (λ) might improve if management can reduce mortality from any of the risks. We determined cause of death for 93 of 121 fishers, and annual survival was 0.69 for all fishers, and 0.72 for female fishers. Mortality rates were 19.5% for predation; 2.5% for disease, injury, and starvation; and 1.9% for toxicant exposure and vehicle strikes. Predation rates were similar between sexes, and relative risk was 51% lower in fall and winter compared to spring and summer. Combined mortality from disease, injuries, starvation, vehicle strikes, and toxicants was 4.4%, and 11 times higher for males than females. We estimated a base λ at the northern site of 0.96, which had the potential to increase to 1.03 or 1.11 if predation were reduced by 25% or 50%, respectively, whereas λ could increase to 0.97 in the absence of deaths from all other risks except predation. Predation was the dominant limiting factor in our study population, and was also the most common mortality risk for fishers in the 3 West Coast states (67%), followed by disease, injury, and starvation (12%) and vehicle strikes (8%). Direct mortality from toxicants appeared limited to fishers in California. Our results identified the need for continued and potential expanded restrictions on habitat disturbance in fisher denning habitats. Research is needed on contact rates between larger predators and fishers, including whether fishers are more vulnerable to attack in open forests or along roads used by coursing predators. © 2015 The Wildlife Society. Supporting Information Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher's website. Filename Description jwmg1020-sup-0001-SuppData-S1.docx16.9 KB R code for calculating cause-specific cumulative incidence functions Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. LITERATURE CITED Atwood, T. C., H. P. Weeks, and T. M. Gehring. 2004. Spatial ecology of coyotes along a suburban-to-rural gradient. 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