Cardiofilaria inornata (Anderson, 1956) from Woodcock with a Review of Cardiofilaria and Related Genera (Nematoda: Filarioidea)
1969; Wiley; Volume: 88; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2307/3224660
ISSN2325-5145
AutoresRoy C. Anderson, Reino S. Freeman,
Tópico(s)Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
ResumoNumerous specimens of Cardiofilaria inornata (Anderson, 1956) from the body cavity of woodcock, Philohela minor (Gmelin), from Ontario are described. This filarioid is also reported for the first time from the body cavity of Hylocichla ustulata, Turdus migratorius, Asio wilsonianus, Accipiter velox, Circus hudsonius, Corvus corax, and Seiurus aurocapillus from Ontario. The genera Cardiofilaria (= Pseudaproctella), Splendidofilaria (= Ornithofilaria, = Ularofilaria, = Lophortofilaria), Chandlerella (= Vagrifilaria, = Parachandlerella, = Parornithofilaria, Skrjabinocta), and Aproctella (= Carinema), the commonest genera of Onchocercidae in birds, are reviewed and redefined. Splendidofilaria flexivaginalis Jones, 1961 and Vagrifilaria longicaudata Sonin, 1966 are transferred as new combinations to Chandlerella. Cardiofilaria campanae (Chabaud & Golvan, 1956) n. comb., formerly regarded as a synonym of C. inornata, is reinstated. Aproctella stoddardi is reported for the first time from Dendroica coronata and Hylocichla fuscescens. It is pointed out that almost half the species of Splendidofilaria and Chandlerella are found in the heart of the host whereas the remaining species of the former genus occur subcutaneously and of the latter genus interperitoneally. Cardiofilaria and Aproctella occur mainly in the body cavity. It is suggested that the apparent lack of host specificity of many species is related to vectors which are not highly selective in their feeding habits. An unusually extensive collection of filarioid nematodes from the body cavity of woodcock in Ontario was studied. These specimens seem conspecific with Cardiofilaria inornata (Anderson, 1956) originally found in thrushes in Ontario. This filarioid has also been found in a variety of other birds in Ontario. It is apparently a rather common and widely distributed North American species with a wide host range and it is important that its taxonomy be firmly established. This new material is described herein and a review is given, with new generic diagnoses, of the commonest Onchocercidae in birds, namely, Cardiofilaria, Splendidofilaria, Chandlerella, and Aproctella. MATERIALS AND METHODS During September and October of 1966, 46 woodcock (Philohela minor) from near Manotick, Bradford, Cookstown, Brown Hill, and Alliston, Ontario were examined for filarial worms. Specimens, identified and described herein as Cardiofilaria inornata, were found in the body cavity of 21 of the 46 birds. The number of worms found in each bird varied from 1-15 (average 3.6) and infected birds came from each of the above-mentioned localities. C. inornata has also been found in one Turdus migratorius, one Hylocichia ustulata (Algonquin Park), two Asio wilsonianus (Minden and Beaverton), two Accipiter velox (Long Point and Pelee Island), one Circus hudsonius (Bradford), one Corvus corax (Algonquin Park), and one Seiurus aurocapillus (Algonquin Park) in Ontario. Specimens of Aproctella stoddardi were found in one Dendroica coronata and one Hylocichla fuscescens from Algonquin Park. 1We wish to acknowledge the help of Mr. Dieter Reidel, University of Toronto, who found the first specimens. TRANS. AMER. MICROSC. Soc. 88(1): 68-79. 1969 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.211 on Tue, 09 Aug 2016 05:33:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ANDERSON & FREEMAN-CARDIOFILARIA FROM WOODCOCK 69 Specimens were fixed in glycerine alcohol and cleared in glycerine or lactophenol. Blood smears were fixed in ethanol and stained with Giemsa's stain. All measurements are given in micra unless stated otherwise. Cardiofilaria inornata (ANDERSON, 1956) SONIN, 1961 Figures 1-8 DIAGNOSIS: Filarioidea, Onchocercidae, Splendidofilariinae, Cardiofilaria Strom, 1937. Small worms with slightly attenuated extremities; buccal cavity much reduced and surrounded by a delicate cuticular ring; oral opening circular and surrounded by four pairs of submedian papillae and lateral amphids; esophagus relatively short and not externally divided into muscular and glandular parts; caudal extremity bluntly rounded; cuticle delicate and smooth; excretory pore obscure, some distance behind nerve ring; deirids apparently absent. MALE: (Nine specimens.) Length 6.6-9.3 (average 7.9) mm; maximum width near middle of body 120-190 (148); esophagus 376-530 (462) in length; nerve ring 154-190 (162), and excretory pore 153-244 (204) from cephalic extremity; anus 59-78 (69) from caudal extremity; phasmids minute, near caudal extremity; caudal papillae consisting of about seven obscure, sessile papillae surrounding anus; right spicule 52-71 (62) in length ending in a rounded tip; left spicule 66-89 (79) in length ending in a triangular point. FEMALE: (24 specimens.) Length 9.6-18.5 (average 13.9) mm; maximum width 200-300 (255), near middle of body; esophagus 308-819 (497) in length; nerve ring 128-275 (191), and excretory pore 227-351 (258) from cephalic extremity; vulva on minute elevation 834-1,518 (1,225) from cephalie extremity; vagina directed posteriorly from vulva for about 250-300, and then anteriorly to about middle of esophagus after which it bends posteriorly again and splits into two broad, thin-walled uteri which continue posteriorly; muscular part of vagina about 900 in length; anus minute and difficult to discern, 121-242 (182) from caudal extremity; phasmids not located; caudal extremity often with two large lateral swellings. MICROFILARIA: (Five specimens.) Unusually long with attenuated tail with rounded tip; nuclear column composed of 2-4 rows of rounded nuclei; sheath not observed with certainty; cephalic space present; inner body not observed; tail containing 2-3 elongated nuclei. Length 383-427 (average 407); maximum width 5-7; relative positions of fixed points expressed as percentages of total length as follows: cephalic space 1.3-2.0%, nerve ring 18-23%, excretory pore 27-30%, excretory cell 31-36%, first rectal cell 66-74%, anal pore 83-87%, final nucleus 97-98%. HOST: Philohela minor (Gmelin) (Scolopacidae). LOCATION IN HOST: Body cavity. LOCALITY: Southern Ontario, Canada. SPECIMENS: Nematode Collection, Department of Parasitology, School of Hygiene, University of Toronto, Toronto 5, Ontario, No. 655. OTHER SPECIMENS: Smaller numbers of specimens (lodged in the collection of the Department of Parasitology, University of Toronto) have been taken from the body cavity of other birds in Ontario. These new host records are as follows: (1) Turdus migratorius (Turdidae)-Coll. No. 467; (2) Hylocichla ustulata (Turdidae)-Coll. No. 95; (3) Asio wilsonianus (Strigidae)-Coll. No. 95, 313; (4) Accipiter velox (Falconidae)-Coll. No. 97, 100; (5) Circus hudsonius (Falconidae)-Coll. No. 98; (6) Corvus corax (Corvidae)-Coll. No. 407; (7) Seiurus aurocapillus (Compsothlypidae)-Coll. No. 96. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.211 on Tue, 09 Aug 2016 05:33:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 70 TRANS. AMER. MICROSC. SOC., VOL. 88, NO. 1, JANUARY 1969
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