First Report of Laurel Wilt, Caused by Raffaelea lauricola , on Redbay ( Persea borbonia ) in Texas
2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 100; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-01-16-0038-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresRoger D. Menard, Stephen R. Clarke, Stephen W. Fraedrich, T. C. Harrington,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 7First Report of Laurel Wilt, Caused by Raffaelea lauricola, on Redbay (Persea borbonia) in Texas PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Laurel Wilt, Caused by Raffaelea lauricola, on Redbay (Persea borbonia) in TexasR. D. Menard, S. R. Clarke, S. W. Fraedrich, and T. C. HarringtonR. D. Menard, S. R. Clarke, S. W. Fraedrich, and T. C. HarringtonAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations R. D. Menard , US Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Pineville, LA 71360 S. R. Clarke , US Forest Service, Forestry Health Protection, Lufkin, TX 75901 S. W. Fraedrich , US Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA 30602 T. C. Harrington , Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011. Published Online:5 May 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-16-0038-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola T.C.Harr., Aghayeva, & Fraedrich, a fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), is responsible for extensive mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng) and other Lauraceae native to the United States (Fraedrich et al. 2008). The beetle and fungus were introduced into the United States near Savannah, GA, from Asia around 2000, and since then the disease has been spreading rapidly through the southern United States. In March 2015 dead and dying redbay trees were observed in Hardin County, TX, in an area southwest of Lumberton (30.22404° N; 94.23572° W). The trees exhibited wilt-like symptoms (i.e., limp and dead leaves, and streaks of black discoloration in the xylem) and small insect entrance holes characteristic of X. glabratus. Samples of the discolored wood were plated on malt extract agar (MEA) amended with cycloheximide and streptomycin (CSMA) (Harrington et al. 2010), and a fungus with the unique mucoid growth and budding conidia the size and shape of R. lauricola (Harrington et al. 2008) was routinely isolated. The sequences of a portion of the large subunit (28S) rDNA of eight isolates (C3681-4, C3690-3, Iowa State Univ.) from symptomatic trees were identical to that of all other U.S. isolates of R. lauricola (GenBank Accession No. EU123077) (Harrington et al. 2008). For each of two isolates, three container-grown redbay saplings (165-cm mean height, 1.6-cm mean diameter at groundline) were inoculated with MEA plugs containing mycelium and conidia (Fraedrich et al. 2008). Three additional redbay saplings were mock inoculated with sterile, MEA plugs, and all plants were placed in a growth chamber at 28°C/25°C (day/night) with a 15-h photoperiod. Inoculated plants began to exhibit wilt symptoms within 11 days, and at 28 days all inoculated plants had xylem discoloration and completely wilted. Control plants remained healthy and had no discolored xylem. Pieces of sapwood from 15 cm above the inoculation points were plated on CSMA, and colonies with the unique mucoid growth and budding conidia of R. lauricola were recovered from all wilted plants but not from control plants. A survey for symptomatic trees was conducted in areas around Lumberton in May 2015, and the pathogen was isolated from wilted redbay trees at three additional locations in Hardin and Jasper counties, ranging from 3 to 23 km west and northwest of the original location. The vector was routinely captured in Lindgren traps with cubeb oil lures at several sites around Lumberton. The discovery of laurel wilt in Texas represents another major jump in the distribution of this disease, approximately 300 km to the southwest from Ruston, LA, and 530 km to the west of a five-county-area in southern Mississippi (Laurel Wilt Infestation Map, http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r8/forest-grasslandhealth). The vector may have been transported with air currents, or moved with infested timber, firewood, or wood chips. Hardin and Jasper counties have forest product mills, similar to other areas of satellite outbreaks found far from the advancing front of the disease (Bates et al. 2013; Fraedrich et al. 2015). Laurel wilt and X. glabratus are now within 550 km of the Mexico border, which has an abundance of native species in the Lauraceae and major avocado plantings.References:Bates, C., et al. 2013. Plant Dis. 97:688. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-12-0866-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarFraedrich, S. W., et al. 2008. Plant Dis. 92:215. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-92-2-0215 Link, ISI, Google ScholarFraedrich, S. W., et al. 2015. Fla. Entomol. 98:1266. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0445 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHarrington, T. C., et al. 2008. Mycotaxon 104:339. Google ScholarHarrington, T. C., et al. 2010. Mycotaxon 111:337. https://doi.org/10.5248/111.337 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 100, No. 7 July 2016SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 7 Jun 2016Published: 5 May 2016First Look: 1 Mar 2016Accepted: 23 Feb 2016 Page: 1502 Information© 2016 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byLaurel wilt susceptibility of three avocado (Persea americana Mill.) ecotypes in relation to xylem anatomy, sap flow and leaf gas exchange22 June 2022 | Trees, Vol. 36, No. 5Raffaelea lauricola (laurel wilt)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumXyleborus glabratus (redbay ambrosia beetle)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumA Diagnostic Guide for Laurel Wilt Disease in AvocadoMonica Navia-Urrutia, Laura Sánchez-Pinzón, Pedro Pablo Parra, and Romina Gazis15 September 2022 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 23, No. 3Disease severity and ecophysiology of rootstock/scion combinations of different avocado (Persea americana Mill.) genotypes in response to laurel wiltScientia Horticulturae, Vol. 287Sap flow, xylem anatomy and photosynthetic variables of three Persea species in response to laurel wilt20 October 2020 | Tree Physiology, Vol. 41, No. 6Laurel Wilt: Current and Potential Impacts and Possibilities for Prevention and Management4 February 2021 | Forests, Vol. 12, No. 2Rapid Detection of Raffaelea lauricola Directly from Host Plant and Beetle Vector Tissues Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal AmplificationJeffrey L. 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