Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

First Report of Gray Mold Caused by Botryotinia ricini ( Amphobotrys ricini ) on Strawberry in United States

2016; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 100; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-05-14-0511-pdn

1943-7692

Achour Amiri, Rodrigo Onofre, Natália A. Peres,

Fungal Plant Pathogen Control

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 100, No. 5First Report of Gray Mold Caused by Botryotinia ricini (Amphobotrys ricini) on Strawberry in United States PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Gray Mold Caused by Botryotinia ricini (Amphobotrys ricini) on Strawberry in United StatesA. Amiri, R. B. Onofre, and N. A. PeresA. AmiriSearch for more papers by this author, R. B. OnofreSearch for more papers by this author, and N. A. PeresSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations A. Amiri R. B. Onofre N. A. Peres , University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma 33598. Published Online:3 Mar 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0511-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Gray mold of strawberry is known to be caused mainly by the species Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana). In a study aimed to investigate the population dynamics of B. cinerea on strawberry flowers and leaves, samples were collected monthly between November 2013 and February 2014 from two strawberry fields in Hillsborough County, Florida. Flowers and leaves were surface-sterilized in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, rinsed twice in sterile water, placed in clean plastic boxes, and frozen overnight at –20°C. One hundred ml of sterile water was added to the boxes, and samples were incubated at 22°C for 5 days and checked for the presence of Botrytis spp. using a stereoscope. Brown, cylindrical conidiophores with dichotomous branches bearing circular to globular smooth conidia (4 to 9.1 µm diameter) different from typical B. cinerea were observed on flowers and leaves. Isolates were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing streptomycin and ampicillin and further single-spored and transferred to PDA. Isolates grew slowly compared with typical B. cinerea and formed irregular white colonies with abundant dark and plane-curved sclerotia (1 to 3.6 mm diameter). These isolates were initially characterized as Botryotinia ricini (syn. Amphobotrys ricini) using morphological characteristics (Hong 2001; Lima et al. 2008). DNA was extracted from five isolates and used for molecular detection based on three genes, i.e., heat stock protein (HSP60), RNA polymerase II-binding (RPB2), and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH). Primer sets were developed based on GenBank Accession Nos. GQ860996, GQ860997, and AEU03873 for the HSP60, RPB2, and G3PDH genes, respectively. GenBank BLAST showed 99% nucleotide homology for the HSP60, RPB2, and G3PDH from our isolate sequences with B. ricini (JN681880 and JN681878, respectively) and only 92% (KJ018757), 94% (KJ018756), and 95% (KF015591) homology, respectively, with B. cinerea. Sequences from isolate 14-21 were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database as Accessions KR183765, KR183766, and KR259129 for HSP60, RBP2, and G3PDH, respectively. To verify the ability of B. ricini to cause gray mold on fruit, strawberry fruit cv. Winter Star were harvested at pink stage from an unsprayed experimental field at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL. Fruit were surface-disinfected and wounded (4 mm wide and 4 mm deep) next to the calix area. Spore suspensions at 106 conidia/ml from each of four B. ricini isolates or one B. cinerea isolate, used as a positive control, were placed on each wound, whereas four fruit wounded but not inoculated were used as noninoculated control. Six replicate fruit were used for each isolate and the experiment was conducted twice. Inoculated fruit were incubated for 7 days at 22°C in boxes containing 200 ml of sterile water. Light-brown irregular lesions with a consistence harder than lesions caused by B. cinerea were observed on fruit inoculated with B. ricini, whereas no infection was observed on noninoculated control fruit. Disease incidence was 100% and 75% on fruit inoculated with B. cinerea and B. ricini, respectively, whereas disease severity on fruit inoculated with B. ricini was 40% relative to fruit inoculated with B. cinerea. After 7 days incubation, sporulation on B. ricini lesions was sparse compared with infections caused by B. cinerea. Isolates were reisolated on malt yeast extract agar medium, grown for 7 to 10 days at 22°C, and identified morphologically as B. ricini as explained above. B. ricini has been reported previously on many Euphorbiaceae species (i.e., castor, copperleaf, and Acalypha sp.) in other parts of the word (Hong 2001; Lima et al. 2008; Soares 2012; Yu et al. 2012). Castor was extensively planted in Florida in the 20th century and heavy crop losses due to B. ricini, referred to as Sclerotinia ricini, were reported in 1918 in Florida (Godfrey 1919). Currently, it is considered an invasive weed species and may be found sporadically near old homesteads or near strawberry production areas in Hillsborough County. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. ricini causing gray mold on strawberry in North America and its potential extended speciation needs further investigation.References:Godfrey, G. H. 1919. Phytopathology 9:565. Google ScholarHong, S. K. 2001. Plant Pathol. J. 17:357. Google ScholarLima, B. V., et al. 2008. Australas. Plant Dis. Notes 3:5. https://doi.org/10.1071/DN08003 Crossref, Google ScholarSoares, D. J. 2012. Page 219 in: Plant Pathology. C. J. Cumagun, ed. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. Google ScholarYu, L., et al. 2012. Plant Dis. 96:460. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-11-0929 Link, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 100, No. 5 May 2016SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 15 Apr 2016Published: 3 Mar 2016Accepted: 19 May 2015 Page: 1007 Information© 2015 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byFirst Report of Poinsettia Wilt Caused by Amphobotrys ricini (syn. Botryotinia ricini) in FloridaCharles Krasnow, Ana Maria Bocsanczy, Lee Bloomcamp, and David Norman16 September 2020 | Plant Disease, Vol. 104, No. 11Importance of thermal adaptation of Amphobotrys ricini in its infection of Asian copperleaf (Acalypha australis)10 May 2019 | Journal of General Plant Pathology, Vol. 85, No. 5Fungicide Resistance in Botrytis fragariae and Species Prevalence in the Mid-Atlantic United StatesMadeline E. Dowling, Meng-Jun Hu, and Guido Schnabel15 March 2018 | Plant Disease, Vol. 102, No. 5First Report of Botrytis mali Causing Gray Mold on Strawberry in CaliforniaS. D. Cosseboom, K. L. Ivors, G. Schnabel, and G. J. Holmes5 January 2018 | Plant Disease, Vol. 102, No. 3Genotypic and Phenotypic Variations in Botrytis spp. Isolates from Single Strawberry FlowersMeng-Jun Hu, Madeline E. Dowling, and Guido Schnabel30 October 2017 | Plant Disease, Vol. 102, No. 1Identification and Characterization of Botrytis fragariae Isolates on Strawberry in the United StatesMadeline E. Dowling, Meng-Jun Hu, and Guido Schnabel1 August 2017 | Plant Disease, Vol. 101, No. 10