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Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade

2016; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 351; Issue: 6280 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.aaf1490

1095-9203

Nicholas McGranahan, Andrew J.S. Furness, Rachel Rosenthal, Sofie Ramskov, Rikke Lyngaa, Sunil Kumar Saini, Mariam Jamal‐Hanjani, Gareth A. Wilson, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Crispin T. Hiley, Thomas B.K. Watkins, Seema Shafi, Nirupa Murugaesu, Richard Mitter, Ayse U. Akarca, J. Linares, Teresa Marafioti, Jake Y. Henry, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Diana Miao, Bastian Schilling, Dirk Schadendorf, Levi A. Garraway, Vladimir Makarov, Naiyer A. Rizvi, Alexandra Snyder, Matthew D. Hellmann, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok, Sachet A. Shukla, Catherine J. Wu, Karl S. Peggs, Timothy A. Chan, Sine Reker Hadrup, Sergio A. Quezada, Charles Swanton,

CAR-T cell therapy research

As tumors grow, they acquire mutations, some of which create neoantigens that influence the response of patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We explored the impact of neoantigen intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) on antitumor immunity. Through integrated analysis of ITH and neoantigen burden, we demonstrate a relationship between clonal neoantigen burden and overall survival in primary lung adenocarcinomas. CD8(+)tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reactive to clonal neoantigens were identified in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and expressed high levels of PD-1. Sensitivity to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade in patients with advanced NSCLC and melanoma was enhanced in tumors enriched for clonal neoantigens. T cells recognizing clonal neoantigens were detectable in patients with durable clinical benefit. Cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced subclonal neoantigens, contributing to an increased mutational load, were enriched in certain poor responders. These data suggest that neoantigen heterogeneity may influence immune surveillance and support therapeutic developments targeting clonal neoantigens.