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Is Differentiated Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia the Precursor Lesion of Human Papillomavirus-Negative Vulval Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

2011; BMJ; Volume: 21; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1097/igc.0b013e31822dbe26

1525-1438

Fani Kokka, Naveena Singh, Asma Faruqi, Karen Gibbon, Adam N. Rosenthal,

Urologic and reproductive health conditions

Abstract Understanding the causes of the diverse outcome of COVID-19 pandemic in different geographical locations is important for the vaccine implementation and pandemic control responses. Here, we examined the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + T-cell responses in unexposed individuals and patients recovered from mild COVID-19. Using HLA class II predicted peptide megapools, we identified SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4 + T cells in around 70% of the unexposed individuals. Moreover, we found detectable immune reactivity up to 5 months in mild COVID-19 recovered patients in the two major arms of protective adaptive immunity; CD4 + T cells and B cells. Interestingly, the persistent immune reactivity in COVID-19 patients is predominantly targeted towards the Spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2. This study provides the evidence of both high magnitude pre-existing and persistent immune memory in Indian population. By providing the knowledge on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, our work has implication for the evaluation and implementation of vaccines against COVID-19.