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Microbiome and Anticancer Immunosurveillance

2016; Cell Press; Volume: 165; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.001

1097-4172

Laurence Zitvogel, Maha Ayyoub, Bertrand Routy, Guido Kroemer,

Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications

Anticancer immune responses can be considered a desirable form of autoimmunity that may be profoundly shaped by the microbiome. Here, we discuss evidence for the microbiome's influence on anti-tumor immunosurveillance, including those that are indirect and can act at a distance, and we put forward hypotheses regarding mechanisms of how these effects are implemented. These may involve cross-reactivity between microbial and tumor antigens shaping T cell repertoires and/or microbial products stimulating pattern recognition receptors that influence the type and intensity of immune responses. Understanding how the microbiome impacts natural cancer immunosurveillance as well as treatment-induced immune responses will pave the way for more effective therapies and prophylactics.