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Tradition and Innovation in Doric Design IV: The Fourth Century

1982; Archaeological Institute of America; Volume: 86; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2307/504428

1939-828X

F. E. Winter,

Historical and Architectural Studies

The interest of late fifth century architects in Ionicizing proportions and ornament was further developed in temples of the fourth century, especially those lacking important predecessors on the same site (Asklepios at Epidauros, Nemea, Pronaia III at Delphi). Replacements for large Archaic buildings were frequently archaizing in plan (Tegea, Apollo at Delphi), and even in some interior arrangements (Delphi), since the new buildings were often erected on the earlier foundations. Such archaizing was probably due to economic considerations; the great epoch of Doric temple building had now passed, so that the rebuilding of major "historic monuments" was done without unnecessary expense.It is here argued that the old-fashioned 6 × 14 peristyle at Tegea is due, like the 6 × 15 plans at Bassai and Delphi, to reuse of Archaic foundations, constructed in the late sixth century for a temple for which Endoios made the cult statue. After being damaged by fire in 395, this old temple, with a makeshift roof over the cella, served the cult of Athena until ca. 345, when money became available for starting the extant building, designed by Skopas. The porches and peristyle of the Skopas building were traditional in plan, although with columns and decoration of fourth century style; the cella, however, was completely "modern"—an undivided space enclosed by walls adorned with tiers of half-columns (Ionic over Corinthian) and a profusion of Ionicizing ornament. Moreover, the Corinthian capitals at Tegea were the first designed specifically for half-columns, hence their uncanonical form.