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New lipid envelope-containing dsDNA virus isolates infecting Micromonas pusilla reveal a separate phylogenetic group

2014; Inter-Research Science Center; Volume: 74; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3354/ame01723

1616-1564

Julien Martinez, A Boere, Ilana C. Gilg, JWM. van Lent, HJ Witte, Judith van Bleijswijk, CPD Brussaard,

Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 74:17-28 (2015) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01723 New lipid envelope-containing dsDNA virus isolates infecting Micromonas pusilla reveal a separate phylogenetic group Joaquín Martínez Martínez1,4,*, Arjan Boere1, Ilana Gilg4, Jan W. M. van Lent2, Harry J. Witte1, Judith D. L. van Bleijswijk1, Corina P. D. Brussaard1,3 1Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands 2Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands 3Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Present address: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, 04544 Maine, USA *Corresponding author: jmartinez@bigelow.org ABSTRACT: Viral infection of phytoplankton has major implications for biochemical and energy cycles, community dynamics, and microbial evolution in the marine environment. The non-bloom forming picoplankter Micromonas pusilla, a significant component of the plankton community worldwide, is known to be susceptible to infection by both dsDNA and dsRNA viruses. Logically, comprehensive knowledge of the ecology of M. pusilla requires a better understanding of the diversity and infection mechanisms of their viruses. Here, we investigated 19 new M. pusilla-specific viruses (MpVs) isolated from different locations and years. We performed partial characterization of those MpVs including structural characteristics, genome size, phylogenetic analysis based on partial DNA polymerase gene sequences, host range, and stability at different temperatures and upon exposure to chloroform. Combined, these characteristics allowed classification of the MpVs into 2 groups. Exposure to chloroform led to loss of infectivity by all MpVs in one group, which suggests the presence of an outer lipid envelope. In addition, all except one of the members in that group formed a monophylogenetic clade that was distinct from all other MpV isolates. The distinctive characteristics of the 2 MpV groups suggest different infection strategies, which may have important implications for the ecology of both host and virus populations in the environment. Knowledge gained from our study adds value to the MpV isolates as a scientific resource as it will aid in developing and testing in the laboratory new hypotheses about the ecological and biogeochemical implications of M. pusilla viral infection in the environment. KEY WORDS: Micromonas pusilla · Virus diversity · Phycodnaviridae · NCLDV· Characterization · Lipids Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Martínez Martínez J, Boere A, Gilg I, van Lent JWM, Witte HJ, van Bleijswijk JDL, Brussaard CPD (2015) New lipid envelope-containing dsDNA virus isolates infecting Micromonas pusilla reveal a separate phylogenetic group. Aquat Microb Ecol 74:17-28. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01723 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 74, No. 1. Online publication date: January 12, 2015 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 2015 Inter-Research.