Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Waiting for the End in Biak: Violence, Order, and a Flag Raising

1999; Volume: 67; Linguagem: Inglês

10.2307/3351376

2164-8654

Danilyn Rutherford,

African history and culture studies

The organization of the AFC was to include: (a) consultations with the representative councils of the nine regions on the procedures and methods to be followed for ascertaining the freely expressed decision of the people; (b) a clear formulation of whether or not Indonesia was to continue in control; (c) a guarantee of the eligibility of all indigenous inhabitants to participate in the AFC, which was to be carried out in accordance with international practice; and (d) the establishment by Indonesian-Netherlands consultation of the exact time of the AFC, which was to take place before the end of 1969.Indonesia under article XXII of the Agreement also undertook the following, without which the previous provisions would be meaningless: to guarantee the human rights of the inhabitants of West Papua New Guinea [sic], including the rights of free speech and freedom of movement and assembly."In 1962, the head of the Indonesian mission to UNTEA and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs "suggested that a plebiscite through suffrage would be too difficult, and that the wishes of the people should be determined through consultation [musjawarah] with community leaders."Between 1962 and 1968, local leaders were pressed into signing resolutions supporting Indonesian rule and deeming the referendum unnecessary.Ibid., p. 985.See also John R. G. Djopari, Pemberontakan Organisasi Papua Merdeka (Jakarta: