Sais and the Kushite Invasions of the Eighth Century B.C.
1985; American Research Center in Egypt; Volume: 22; Linguagem: Inglês
10.2307/40000387
ISSN2330-1880
Autores Tópico(s)Archaeology and Historical Studies
ResumoThe extant evidence suggests that the regnalyear dating system had, by the 24th Dynasty, reverted from the free-floating practice of the New Kingdom in which a regnal was dated from the day of the king's accession, to the predating mechanism in vogue in earlier times, and that regnal years were once again coterminus with the calendar year. As is well known, this was the system in use under the Saites,1 but there is uncertainty as to when the change took place.2 In the 9th century B.C. the New Kingdom regnal was still in vogue, as is demonstrated by a passage in Osorkon I's list of donations from Bubastis.3 This text reviews the list of royal bequests [which H. M. gave to] all the rtemples and shrines of the gods1 in Upper and Lower Egypt from1 regnal 1, first month , day 9(sic)4 to regnal 4, fourth month of shomu, day 25, making 3 years, 3 months and 16 days. This only makes sense if the date from which the time-span was reckoned was the accession of the king, since the purport of the inscription is to list all the benefactions the king has granted in his reign up until the time of writing. Two reigns later under Osorkon II the regnal was still independent of the calendar year. Osorkon's sd-festival occupied some part of the fourth month of akhet;5 and as in the New Kingdom the calendrical duration of this festival en ompassed e accession day,6 it is likely that Osorkon II's accession fell sometime in iv akhet and that his eign was dated therefrom. As late as Sheshonk III the practice remained unchanged. The Apis which died in Pemu's 2nd is said in the official stela of the interment7 to have been born in year 28 during the reign of the Majesty [of] the king of Upper and Lower Egypt Usermare Setepenre, son of Re, Sheshonk (III). The circumstances of his discovery are then related: They sought his beauty all over the Delta, and he was found in Shedebod after three months. ... He was introduced into Memphis to his father Ptah ... in regnal 28, second month of akhet, day 1. The search must have begun, then, at the beginning of the third month of shomu; and since when found the animal was sufficiently grown to be among the herd,8 its birth must have taken place some considerable time before the first month of akhet in which he was found. But both his birth and his induction are
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