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DISPALCEMENT-EFFECT OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES

1952; The Japanese Psychological Association; Volume: 22; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.4992/jjpsy.22.224

1884-1082

Jiei Ogasawara,

Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation

S. Morinaga 3) studied the assimilatory illusion of concentric circles in which the size of the inner circle was kept constant while that of the outer was varied. (The present writer prefers to call this illusion the displacement effect or simply D-effect.) He found that the size of the inner circle was a little overestimated when the outer circle was relatively small and that the amount of over-estimation increased with the increase in the size of the outer one up to a certain point and then gradually diminished. The maximal effect was obtaind when the ratio between the sizes of the two circles was 2:3. It is not clear, however, in what manner the amount of this D-effect changes when the size of the figures is varied. The present work deals with this aspect of the problem.Experiment I.: Conditions & Precedures: Standard figures consisted of three series of various concentric circles. The sizes of figures are shown in Table 1. (See Table 1, p. 17) Comparison figures consisted of three series of circles. (Table 2, p. 17) The inner circles of Standard figures were compared by turns with Comparison circles by the method of limits and the equivalent values of the inner circles were obtained.Results: Averages of 8 subjects are shown in Table 3 (a), (p. 17). The result of the analysis of cevarian is shown in Table 3 (b). c. d. in this table means critical difference: If the difference of two average values is equal to or larger than c. d., the differnce is statistically significant.The Displacement of the circle(=each equivalent value-the equivalent for "A" figure/2is shown in Fig. 1. (p. 18) The relative amount of displacement of the inner circle is shown in the lower part of Fig. 2. (p. 18)1) The inner circle shows D-effect evidently and its absolute amount varies with the size of the Standard figures. 2) The curves of the relative D-effect agree with ore another closely despite the different size of the figures.3) The maximum of the relative D-effect appeares at the point where the ratio between the two circles is 2:3. 4) Therefore, it may be concluded that Morinaga's finding is verified and validated by this experiment even when the sizes of the figures are different.Experiment II.: How dose the D-effect appear at the outer circle?Conditions: The sizes of three series of Standard figures are shown in Table 6 (p. 21). In this case another newly added series of Comparison figures was used for the series VI of the Standard figures. The other conditions and procedures were similar in Experiment I, except that the outer circles of the Standard figures were compared with the Comparison circles.Results: The averages of 10 subjects and the results of the analysis of variance are shown in Table 7 (a, b, p. 21). The amount of displacement of the outer circle is shown in Fig. 4 (p. 21) and the curves of the relative amount of displacement are shown in the upper part of Fig. 2 (p. 18)5) The D-effect of outer circle is negative i.e. the outer circle is displaced toward the inner direction and the absolute amount of this D-effect varies with the size of the Standard figures. 6) The relative D-effect curves agree with one another fairly well. 7) The maximal D-effect appears also at the point where the ratio between the two circles is 2:3. 8) Morinaga's finding is thus extended to the case of the D-effect of the outer circle. 9) The Fig. 2 shows, when viewed as a whole, that the inner and outer circles displace themselves interdependently toward each other; they behave as if they were pulling each other. But the D-effect is not a simple function of the distance between objects (circles). Presumably, other variables (e.g. the chracter of configuration) ought to be taken into consideration.