The Collapse and Revival of Medical Education in France: A Consequence of Revolution and War, 1789-1795
1967; Cambridge University Press; Volume: 7; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2307/367234
ISSN1748-5959
Autores Tópico(s)Medical History and Innovations
ResumoThe cutting edge of a popular drive for educational reform during the early years of the French Revolution was a demand for an abolition of the old royal academies. The attack upon such established institutions of learning grew out of their own backwardness, a new insistence on equality, and the revolutionary determination to put an end to the privileged corporations that were believed to have limited opportunity and discriminated against able men in the arts and sciences. As early as 1789, Louis David was leading a rebel group seeking to reform the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture from within. This institution held a monopoly in the arts and was cordially hated by struggling artists. Ultimately, in order to abolish it, David led his fight into the Jacobin clubs, the Paris Commune, and into the National Assembly itself. (i) There were many others who shared something of the great bitterness of Jean Paul Marat, who recalled the low persecutions to which the Royal Academy of Sciences subjected me for over ten years. . . . Since the d'Alemberts, the Condorcets, the Moniers, Monges, Lavoisiers, and all the other charlatans of that scientific body wanted to hog the limelight for themselves, and since they held the trumpet of fame in their hands, it is not difficult to understand why they disparaged my discoveries throughout Europe, turned every learned society against me, and had all learned publications closed to me....The Revolution announced itself with the convocation of the States-General. I quickly saw how the
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