The Evolution of a Chilean Socialist: Marmaduke Grove
1967; Duke University Press; Volume: 47; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1215/00182168-47.1.22
ISSN1527-1900
Autores Tópico(s)Political and Social Dynamics in Chile and Latin America
ResumoO N APRIL 19, 1933, representatives from several small reform parties met in the Municipal Theater at Santiago to create the Socialist Party of Chile. Five years later this heterogeneous organization had grown sufficiently in numbers and resources to play a leading role in the formation of Pedro Aguirre Cerda's Popular Front government. In this formative period the party leadership consisted not of doctrinaire socialists inspired by Karl Marx but rather of men devoted to welfare statism. Typical of this breed of non-Marxian, nontheoretical socialist was Colonel Marmaduke Grove Vallejo, career army officer, senator from Santiago, and secretary general of the Socialist Party. Chilean socialism prior to 1933 developed slowly with frequent crises and agonizing reverses. It evolved from and later complemented the labor movement, which had expanded rapidly after the turn of the century under the bold leadership of Luis Emilio Recabarren. In 1909 Recabarren's efforts bore fruit with the establishment of the Workers' Federation of Chile (FOCH), and in 1912 he organized the Workers' Socialist Party. Both groups were initially moderate, designed to cultivate amicable relations with the public powers and administrative authorities, while adhering closely to the spirit of the statutes. . . Yet a few years later the workers abandoned these principles and openly embraced Marxism. In 1922 the Socialist Workers' Party voted to join the Communist International, and by 1925 Communists were in positions of power in FOCH.1 Meanwhile, many Chileans who sought social and economic advancement refused to accept the alliance with communism. Disillusioned socialists formed a number of political parties, but they all proved ineffective in national political warfare. For a few years each of these parties went its own way until finally it became clear
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